UPGRADING THE EXISTING FACILITIES IN INDIAN RAILWAY COACHES.

TEAM MEMBERS Aiswarya.S.Rao Harini .V Jerry Joseph TEAM GUIDE Mrs. N.Deepa

INDIAN RAILWAYS
Introduced in 1853. Undertaking of Govt. Of India, overseen by Ministry Of Railways. 4th largest railway network 114,500 km of total track,7500 stations. Can carry 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily.

ABSTRACT
This project aims at improving the existing facilities in Indian railway coaches. The thrust areas being automatic temperature control inside the AC coaches and automatic toilet flushing system. For temperature control, the temperature inside the coach is compared with the outside temperature by using two temperature sensors and accordingly the temperature adjustment will be done. If the temperature inside the coach is lesser than the outside temperature then the cooling will be decreased . And if the temperature inside the coach is higher than the outside temperature then the cooling will be increased. For the automatic flushing of toilets, we use an pressure sensor that will be placed on the toilet seat. When the pressure is sensed by the pressure sensor it will automatically initiate a flushing operation according to the PLC program.

EXISTING PROBLEMS

Unhygienic conditions of the toilets. Manual temperature adjustment in ac coaches.

SOLUTIONS

Automatic Flushing System in toilets to keep them clean. Automatic Temperature Control in ac coaches.

AUTOMATIC FLUSHING SYSTEM

PROPOSED SYSTEM
A pair of pressure sensors is placed above the toilet seat. When the pressure is sensed by the pressure sensor, a signal is generated which is given to the PLC using RF transmitter/receiver and this initiates the flushing.

COMPONENTS
SOLENOID VALVE PLC PRESSURE SENSOR POWER SUPPLY DIODE IN4007 TRANSISTOR BC547 RELAY COIL HT-12E/HT-12D TRASMITTER /RECEIVER PAIR

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter Receiver Transmitter Receiver

Encoder

Decoder

Encoder

Decoder

Pressure sensor

PLC

Solenoid valve

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

HT-12E TRANSMITTER -INPUT SIDE

Pressure sensor
MANUAL FLUSH

5v Power supply

Output

HT-12D RECEIVER-PLC

OUT
INPUT
MANUAL FLUSH

MANUAL FLUSH

PLC

OUTPUT Y0

HT-12E TRANSMITTER-PLC

HT-12D RECEIVER-OUTPUT

ELECTR0NIC CIRCUIT
+12v NO Protection diode Relay coil Relay contacts Sv 1K Input Transistor COM NC Solenoid valve

0V

LADDER LOGIC

AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL

EXISTING SYSTEM
Three temperature settings are available in ac coaches , for adjustment of which an attendant has to be called always. The adjustment is done manually.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Temperature adjustment is done automatically by comparison of two temperatures - inside and outside. Initially the temperature inside the coach is lesser than the outside temperature. If outside temperature increases then the cooling increases and vice versa.

TEMPERATURE RANGES
Lower Medium High

Cooling

22 deg.C

24 deg.C 26 deg.C

Heating

17deg.C

19 deg.C 21 deg.C

COMPONENTS
LM 35 PLC POWER SUPPLY FAN

BLOCK DIAGRAM
5v dc supply

Inner temp sensor

output

output

Outer temp sensor

5v dc supply

Input
Pc

PLC Output

cooler/fan

LM 35
IC Sensor Electrical voltage as output proportional to temperature in o C. Temperature Range: -55 to 150 o C. Sensitivity : 10 mV/o C. Supply Voltage : 5V Output Voltage : +6V to -1V

LM-35

WHY LM-35?
More accurate than thermistor. Sensor circuit is sealed and not subjected to oxidation. Higher output voltage than thermocouple Amplification of output voltage not required.

Have a clean and comfortable journey