Influence of Rizals Formal Education

Early Education in Calamba and Binan

In Calamba
 typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado

family received  tutored by: - Maestro Celestino - Maestro Lucas Padua - Maestro Leon Monroy

In Binan
     

 

June 1869: left Calamba for Binan accompanied by Paciano, who acted as second father he did not like the town: "large and rich, ugly and dismal" Justiniano Aquino Cruz: "a tall thin man with a long neck and sharp nose and a body bent slightly forward." Barbarous method of instruction: I do not want to waste time recounting the beatings I received Best student in school: I usually won the class contests; nobody could defeat me; but in spite of the reputation I had of being a good boy, the day was unusual when I was not laid out on a bench and given five or six blows. frequent encounter with bullies, esp. Pedro, teacher's son, and Andres Salandanan He was ever to be under the compulsion of proving his physical strength and courage; insecurity about height

In Binan
 painting lessons with old painter Juancho  Errands for aunt: "something I never did at

home and would never have done!  Leandro, his aunt's grandson  Dec 17, 1870: left Binan on board the steamer Talim, his first real steamer voyage by himself

Two Influential Events

 Jan 20, 1872: Cavite mutiny  Feb 17, 1872: martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za  Effect on Paciano  Effect on Rizal - letter to Mariano Ponce, 17 yrs later - dedicated El Fili to the three priests  Injustice to Dona Teodora

Influence of Rizals Formal Education

Rizal in Ateneo

Rizal enters the Ateneo

 1. 2. 3.

Three secondary schools in Manila San Jose Seminary College of San Juan de Letran Ateneo Municipal

- June 10, 1872 - Rizal sent to Manila to take the entrance exam

Rizal enters the Ateneo

 Father Magin Ferrando, the college registrar

refused to admit him - he was late for registration - he was sickly and undersized  Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of Fr. Burgos  Jose enrolled under the surname Rizal

Jesuit System of Education

 Jesuit curriculum (BA) was tougher than the present 

  

equivalent for HS and college Christian doctrine, Spanish, Latin, Greek and French, world geography and history, history of Spain and the Phils., mathematics and the sciences (arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mineralogy, chemistry, physics, botany, zoology) Classic disciplines of poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy trained character - discipline and religion vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying

Jesuit System of Education

 Two groups 1. Roman Empire - internos 2. Carthaginian Empire - externos  Student ranks: - Emperor - Tribune - Decurion - Centurion - Standard-bearer

1st Year (1872-73)

 At the end of the month, he became emperor  won a prize after three months  old trouble: wretchedly sensitive, "resented

some remarks by my professor  Sta. Isabel College  At the end of the year, he placed second in class  Summer (1873): sad because Mother is in prison

2nd Year (1873-74)

 moved to another boarding house run by a widow,     

Dona Pepay in Intramuros Got the gold medal When back in Laguna, he always rushed to his mother Foresaw his mother's release Psychic abilities? Later in UST: dreamt about taking an exam Very early on, he had this consciousness of death and believed he would not reach the age of 30 Hong Kong (1892): left two sealed letters with a Portuguese friend, to be opened after his death Conscious hero, knew his place in history

3rd year (1874-75)

 Mother was released from prison  moved again to another boarding house whose

landlord was 'very strict' but after two months and a half, a room was vacated and the widow's grandsons seem to have been great distractions  he did not make an excellent showing in his studies  got only one medal, in Latin I was almost thirteen years old, and I had yet to gain a reputation for brilliance among my classmates.

4th Year (1875-76)

 Became an interno: "It was about time"  "My room was about two yards square. I had an iron cot,

on which my bedclothes were placed , a small table with a basin which a servant was supposed to keep filled with water, a chair, and a clothes rack. I was forgetting to mention that the small table had a drawer containing soap, comb, hairbrush, toothbrush, toothpowder, etc. I kept the little money I had - about P8 - under my pillow"  Methodical, observant, careful and frugal  Mentor: Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez inspired him to study harder and write poetry, a "model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils"  Got five medals

Last Year (1876-77)

 Graduated with highest honors - Sobresaliente  There were only 12 students, 9 of which got the

sobresaliente distinction  March 23, 1877: graduated and was conferred the degree of Bachelor of Arts  Eve before graduation, he was depressed at the thought of leaving Ateneo. tears paid in token of farewell to the times gone by, to a contentment that would not return, to a tranquility of spirit that was slipping out of my grasp.  Prayed in the chapel and commended his life to the Virgin that she might protect me when I set foot in that world which inspired me with such dread.

Extra-curricular Activities
 active member, later secretary of religious group,    

Marian Congregation member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and Academy of Natural Sciences cultivated literary talent under the guidance of Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez Mi Primera Inspiracion, 1st poem written in Ateneo Did not write any poem in 1874 because his mother was in prison After 1874, he wrote thirteen poems including Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo, in honor of Calamba Wrote on various topics: religion, education, childhood memories and war Wrote a drama, St Eustachius, Martyr

Extra-curricular Activities
 Fine arts - he studied painting under the famous

Spanish painter Agustin Saez, and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus (1) carved image of Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket knife, and (2) carved image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus  Gymnastics and fencing

Interest in Reading

Interest in Reading
 Dr. Feodor Jagor's Travels in the Philippines 1. defects of Spanish colonization 2. prophecy, Spain would lose Philippines and

Americans would take over

Influence of Jesuits on Rizal

 Subjected to one of the worlds most thorough and

  

gripping systems of indoctrination, under tight and constant discipline, with every incentive of competition and reward Spirit of classical humanities (arts of human culture) and the method of combined memory and understanding Above all, Jesuit education pursued one aim: for the greater glory of God i.e. to make steadfast Catholics Classes began and ended with prayers School life centered on the chapel Extra-curricular activities: religious confraternities Student journal is loud with invocations to the Deity

Two Traits
 Sensitiveness  Self assertiveness

= took on a racial tinge  Worked on proving not mere equality  Race consciousness > literature

Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education

 Alike the climbing ivy

That winds its way Up the towering elm, Their enchantment being the meadow green, And both are embellished While together they grow; And if the compassionate elm should fail, The ivy without its joy Would see itself with sadness die; Such is the alliance close Between Religion and Education Because of her Education attains renown; And woe to him who blind rejects The teachings wise of Religion Divine, From its pure stream wickedly flees.

Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education

 If from the splendid vine

A branch proudly grows, And its bunches sweet offers us, In the meantime that the benevolent plant To the vine shoot generous nourishment gives: Such currents crystalline Of heavenly virtue give new life To Education fulfilled, With her lights refulgent guiding her; For the sweet odor it exhales, And favors us with its savory fruits.

Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education

 Without Religion man's Education

Is like a ship struck by the wind That loses its rudder in horrible fight At the noisy impulse and shaking Of the stormy, terrible Breas Who fiercely combats her Until submerging her with pride In the depth of the angry sea.

Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education

 If from the sky the dew

Invigorates and nurtures the mead, And due to it, in beautiful spring, The flowers will bloom to embroider the ground; So is Education fertilized By kind Religion with her principles That merrily she may walk toward the good With generous step And giving virtue's luxuriant flowers Their fragrance spread everywhere.

Through Education our Motherland Receives Light

 The vital breath of prudent Education

Instills a virtue of enchanting power; She lifts the motherland to highest station And endless dazzling glories on her shower. And as the zephyr's gentle exhalation Revives the matrix of the fragrant flower, So education multiplies her gifts of grace; With prudent hand imparts them to the human race. With all he has; will give his calm repose; For her are born all science and all art, That brows of men with laurel fair enclose. As from the towering mountain's lofty heart The purest current of the streamlet flows, So education without stint or measure gives Security and peace to lands in which she lives.

 For her a mortal-man will gladly part

Through Education our Motherland Receives Light

 Where Education reigns on lofty seat

Youth blossoms forth with vigor and agility; He error subjugates with solid feet, And is exalted by conceptions of nobility. She breaks the neck of vice and its deceit; Black crime turns pale at Her hostility; The barbarous nations She knows how to tame, From savages creates heroic fame. And as the spring doth sustenance bestow On all the plants, on bushes in the mead, Its placid plenty goes to overflow And endlessly with lavish love to feed The banks by which it wanders, gliding slow, Supplying beauteous nature's every need; So he who prudent Education doth procure The towering heights of honor will secure.

Through Education our Motherland Receives Light

 From out his lips the water, crystal pure,

Of perfect virtue shall not cease to go. With careful doctrines of his faith made sure, The powers of evil he will overthrow, Like foaming waves that never long endure, But perish on the shore at every blow; And from his good example other men shall learn Their upward steps toward the heavenly paths to turn. Within the breast of wretched humankind She lights the living flame of goodness bright; The hands of fiercest criminal doth bind; And in those breasts will surely pour delight Which seek her mystic benefits to find, Those souls She sets aflame with love of right. It is a noble fully-rounded Education That gives to life its surest consolation.

Through Education our Motherland Receives Light

 And as the mighty rock aloft may tower

Above the center of the stormy deep In scorn of storm, or fierce Southwester's power, Or fury of the waves that raging seep, Until, their first mad hatred spent, they cower, And, tired at last, subside and fall asleep, -So he that takes wise Education by the hand, Invincible shall guide the reigns of motherland. On sapphires shall his service be engraved, A thousand honors to him by his land be granted: For in their bosoms will his noble sons have saved Luxuriant flowers his virtue had transplanted: And by the love of goodness ever laved, The lords and governors will see implanted To endless days, the Christian Education, Within their noble, faith-enrapture nation.

Through Education our Motherland Receives Light

 And as in early morning we behold

The ruby sun pour forth resplendent rays; And lovely dawn her scarlet and her gold, Her brilliant colors all about her sprays; So skillful noble Teaching doth unfold To living minds the joy of virtuous ways. She offers our dear motherland the light That leads us to immortal glory's height.

Influence of Rizals Formal Education

Rizal in the University of Santo Tomas

Medical Studies at UST (1877-82)

 mother's opposition

My mother said that I knew enough already, and that I should not go back to Manila. Did my mother perhaps have a foreboding of what was to happen to me? JRizal to Blumentritt, 8th Nov 1888 I still remember when I was 16, my mother told my father: "Don t send him to Manila any longer; he knows enough; if he gets to know any more, they will cut off his head" My father did not reply, but my brother took me to Manila despite my mother's tears.

Medical Studies at UST (1877-82)

 April 1877  Philosophy and Letters

(1) his father liked it and (2) still uncertain as to what career to pursue  1878-79: Medical course, Fr. Ramon Rector of the Ateneo  to cure his mother's growing blindness

Medical Studies at UST (1877-82)

 He was far below his usual academic standard  "I am among corpses and human bones and I used to     -

be so squeamish!" versatility than true bent Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878) continued his ties with Ateneo Unhappy in UST hostility of Dominican professors discrimination against Filipino students methods of instruction obsolete and repressive

Battling Racial Discrimination

 1880, founded Compaerismo, whose

members were called "Companions of Jehu" honoring Jehu who fought foreign influences and drove his chariot at a fast pace  led the Filipino students into combat against Spanish students  Escolta: wounded on the head  freshman, summer vacation of 1878: victim of Spanish officer s brutality

Literary Works
 1879: A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth)

Hold high the brow serene, O youth, where now you stand. Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen, Fair hope of my fatherland! Come now, thou genius grand, And bring down inspiration; With thy mighty hand, Swifter than the winds volation, Raise the eager mind to higher station.

To the Filipino Youth

Come down with pleasing light Of art and science to the flight, O youth, and there untie The chains that heavy life, Your spirit free to bright. See how in flaming zone Amid the shadows throne The Spaniard s holy hand A crown s resplendent band Proffers to this Indian land.

To the Filipino Youth

Thou, who now wouldst rise On wings of rich emprise, Seek from Olympian skies Songs of sweetest strain, Softer than ambrosial rain. Thou, whose voice divine Rivals Philomel s refrain And with varied line Through the night benign Frees mortality from pain.

To the Filipino Youth

Thou, who by sharp strife Wakest thy mind to life; And the memory bright Of thy genius s light Makest immortal in its strength. And thou, in accents clear Of Phoebus, to Apollos dear; Or by the brush s magic art Takest from nature s store a part To fix it on the simple canvas length.

To the Filipino Youth

Go forth, and then the sacred fire Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire; To spread around the flame, And in victory acclaim, Through wider spheres the human name. Day, O happy day, Fair Filipinas, for thy land! So bless the Power today That places in thy way This favor and this fortune grand.

To the Filipino Youth

 message: beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from

lethargy, to let their geniuses fly swifter than the wind and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people  Classic for two reasons: (1) first great poem recognized by Spanish literary authorities (2) expressed the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos (not foreigners) were the "fair hope of the Fatherland"

Literary Works
 1880 -El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the  

Gods) allegorical drama (characters, objects symbolize moral/religious principles) based on the Greek classics, it established a parallel among Homer, Virgil and Cervantes Objection from Spanish community Other Literary Works (1) Zarzuela: Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) (2) Sonnet: A Filipinas (3) Poems: Abd - el - Azis y Mahoma, Al MRP Pablo Ramon

Trips
 May 1881: Rizal's first visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan - Pakil: pilgrimage to the famous shrine of the Birhen

Maria delos Dolores - fascinated by the turumba, the people dancing in the streets during the procession - infatuated with Vicenta Ybardolaza, she played the harp at the Regalado home - side-trip to the town of Leonor Valenzuela; Pagsanjan Falls