Education Reformation

after independence

Main Objective of Education

Produce citizens who are knowledgeable

Brief

Introduction
Education in Malaysia
before independence

Malay School The earliest Malay school: Sekolah Melayu Gelugor and Sekolah Melayu Bayan Lepas.
The English schools Penang Free School is the first English School built in 1816. Missionary schools. They are divided into 3 categories namely the Anglican (Penang Free School), Methodist ( (Anglo-Chinese School) and the Roman Catholic ( Convent School ). Chinese Schools Before the 1911 (Revolution in china), The medium of instruction is Cantonese and Mandarin. The teachers are mainly from China. After the Revolution,Mandarin is used as the medium of instruction and students are encouraged to participate in the politics of China. y Tamil Schools The mediums of instructions of the schools were Tamil and Telegu. The education is until Standard 6 in which contains of the education coming from India.
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Evolution
Of National Education
Cheesemens plan

Fenn-Wu Report 1951 Barnes Report 1951

Next slide

Razak Statement 1956

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Evolution
Of National Education
Rahman Talib Report

Report of the Cabinet Committee

Amendment of Education Act

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The Rahman Talib Statement 1960

-The starting point for the implementation of Bahasa Melayu as the main medium of teaching and the process of implementing the language. - An examination system which uses only two main languages, i.e. Bahasa Malaysia and English. - Emphasis is given towards vocational and technical education to fulfill the country s need for skilled workers. -Emphasis is given to moral and religious education as the core to fulfill spiritual needs. - students from vernacular schools need to undergo a year of transition class to strengthen the pupils' proficiency in the Malay language. - Jemaah Nazir Persekutuan is formed to control the quality of study in schools - Vocational subjects became subjects of study in secondary schools
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The Report of the Cabinet Committee

established in 1974 to review the national education system. chaired by Datuk Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, the Ministry of Education at that time. The proposal of the report suggested a modification of the curriculum of primary and secondary level:

Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah(KBSR) in 1982. Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah(KBSM) in 1988.
standardized the same syllabus of the education for all of the schools in order to shape the integrating and understanding among the races. Bahasa Melayu becomes a compulsory subjects in all examination for all candidates.
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The Report of the Cabinet Committee

-Emphasis is given to the basic education of 3Rs arithmetic. reading, writing and

-Emphasis is also given to spiritual education and required disciplinary elements. -Emphasis is given to curriculums tailored to Malaysia. Curriculum was enforced to encourage the physical and mental growth of students. Students were hoped to be a disciplined, responsible, self-confident and vigorous person through the system. -Two mainstreams of secondary level of education, academic and vocational. -The opportunity to extend schooling from 9 years to 11 years. -Well managed plan for educational management to enhance the overall quality of education.
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Amendment of Education Act

- Amended in year 1995 and 1996. - Amended to give sufficient need to meet the challenges in the 21st century. - Aim to make Malaysia as a center of excellence to the world. - The national education system is designed to produce world-class quality education to achieve the country s aspirations. - The National Philosophy of Education is the basis for the National Principles of Education.

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Amendment of Education Act

-The duration for primary education is 5

7 years.

- Pre-school education is part of the national education system. - Improved technical and polytechnic education - Provisions are made for the monitoring of private education. - Paving stone for

Smart School.

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Development of
Education System
The development of education after year 1970 can be divided into two phases:
v The First Phase of the development of education was in between year 1961 and 1970. v The Second Phase was introduced after year 1970.

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Development of Education System

The objectives of these two phases in Malaysia education:

First Phase (1961 v v v 1970)

Widen the opportunity of education for all students. Increase the involvement of students in all school activities in different levels. Develop social skills among the student and society.

Second Phase (after 1970) v Improving the curriculum in order to fulfill the development of the country in terms of economy, industry, science and technology.

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Development of Education System

Changes made after the introduction of Second Phase:

v The national language became the medium of instruction in all schools to encourage national unity. v In year 1969, the Education Minister, Datuk Abdul Rahman Ya akub announced that all English medium schools will be changed to the Malay medium at different stages. v Higher learning institutions placed more emphasis on the usage of the national language. v Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) was formed in 1970 and it uses Malay as the medium of instruction. v As the way to cater the increasing number of students, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) were formed.
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Development of Education System

The introduction of Second Phase was influenced by:

v v v 13th of May tragedy. New Economic problem. Murad Report in 1973.

After the 13th of May tragedy, the government realized the importance of education in uniting the people of the country and overcoming the problem of poverty.

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Malaysian National Education Philosophy

Education in Malaysia is a continuous process towards further realising the individuals potentials in a way that is holistic and integrated in order to develop human beings who are balanced and harmonious in the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical aspects based on belief in the fear of God. This effort attempts to produce Malaysians who are knowledgeable, skilled, possessing high moral standards, responsible and capable of achieving their own happiness and are able to contribute towards harmony and prosperity of their own society and nation.
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Pre-primary Education
Pre-primary is an educational programmed, offered by kindergartens.

Kindergarten:
Registered under the Act. A place where pre-school education is provided to ten or more students, of ages between 4 to 6. Offer pre-school education to be registered with the Ministry before they operate. Not bounded by section 18 (National curriculum ruling). Not bounded by section 19 (Prescribed examination ruling).
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Primary Education
Six years for children aged 7 to 12. the objective of the Government is to maintain a universal primary education. Aim to provide the overall development to the child with a firm foundation in 3R s skills for. Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) was introduced in 1983 towards achieving the objectives of the 3R s programme. The medium of instruction in national school is Malay language. Tamil is as the medium of instruction, but Malay language is a compulsory subject. English is taught as a second language in all schools.

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Primary Education

Government funded Schools

Private funded Schools

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KBSR
Integrated Curriculum for Primary School (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah, KBSR) KBSR(kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah) was launched in 1983. Emphasis is given on the reading, writing and counting skills philosophy. using an integrated approach in curriculum planning comprises content and skills, with emphasis on the development of basic skills, the acquisition of knowledge and thinking skills. Each subject must incorporate the inculcation of moral values and attitudes and the correct use of Malay and other languages, such as English, Chinese and Tamil.

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KBSM
served to be the continuum for KBSR. Launched in 1989. aims to promote the general development of students by helping them acquire knowledge, insight and skills, including the inculcation of values based on the National Philosophy of Education. The ultimate goal of it is to develop a strong foundation for life-long education. The syllabus, Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah @ Secondary School Integrated Curriculum (KBSM) is designed in such a way to suit the needs and aspirations of the country. The focus is on incorporating knowledge with skills, and theory with practice.
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KBSM
1988 -The implementation of KBSM (New Curriculum for Secondary Schools) began for all subjects. - The Living Skills Reform Programme was implemented at Form 1.

1991 - The Integrated Living Skills subject was introduced to lower secondary level.

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Secondary Education
The National Secondary School is a government or government aided secondary school that: * provides a five-year course of secondary education appropriate for pupils who have just completed primary education. * use the national language as the main medium of instruction and English language is to be taught as a compulsory subject. * the teaching of Chinese or Tamil language shall be made available if there is a request from at least 15 parents of the pupils in the school. * the same condition will be applied to the other foreign languages like Arabic, Japanese, German or French if it is reasonable and practical to do so. * prepare the pupils for the prescribed examination.
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Secondary Education
Transition class

= one year instruction in the secondary school (prior to the

commencement of the lower secondary education class) given to pupils from a primary school that uses a language other than the national language as the main medium of instruction.

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Secondary Education
secondary schools of other descriptions academic secondary schools

National Secondary Schools

technical secondary schools
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Secondary Educations

Lower Secondary Upper Secondary

Post Secondary @ Pre-University

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Secondary Education ~Lower Secondary

3 years, Form I to Form III Pupils from the national primary schools proceed to Form One whereas pupils from the Chinese and Tamil medium national-type schools undergo a year of transition class to strengthen the proficiency in the Malay language which is the medium of instruction in secondary schools. At the end of the third year in the lower secondary school, pupils sit for a public examination, the Lower Certificate of Education Examination.

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Secondary Education ~Lower Secondary

In 1993, the SRP has been replaced by another examination, the Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) or the Lower Secondary Assessment (LSA). The PMR is more in line with the KBSM syllabus. Compulsory subjects under the PMR include BahasaMalaysia, English, History, Geography, Mathematics, Science and Living Skills. Course work and practical works are important components of the KBSM syllabus and the PMR is designed to take into account these aspects. Islamic Education is compulsory for Muslim students. Students have to sit for a minimum of 7 and maximum of 9 subjects in the PMR.
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Secondary Education ~Upper Secondary

2 years, Form IV & Form V 3 streams; Arts, Science, technical and vocational The entry to the respective schools is based on their performance in the PMR examination. common core subjects in all streams. public examination :the Malaysia Certificate of Education or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia Vocational (SPMV).
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Secondary Education ~Post Secondary @ Pre-university

Education at this level, under the public school system, prepares students for entry into local universities, and other institutions of higher education. 2 types of program offered at this level, the Sixth Form and Matriculation Class. The Form Six takes two years to complete. Entry to this level is based on performance in the SPM/SPMV. only those with grade one in the SPM/SPMV will be accepted. 3 streams i.e. Arts, Science, and Technical. prepares students for the public post-secondary school examination, the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM).
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Secondary Education ~Post Secondary @ Pre-university

STPM is run by the Malaysian Examination Council or Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia which is accredited to the University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate (ULCES) of England. With arrangement, the STPM is not only the entry qualification for Malaysian universities, but is also recognized by most universities and professional examination bodies worldwide.

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Twinning Degree program Internal awards at certificate and diploma levels

Advance Standing Program

Distance Learning Program

Private Colleges

External Program for Degree Qualification (local and foreign)

Master Degree and Post-Graduate Program

'3+0' Foreign University Degree Franchised Program

Credit Transfer program 32

Public University Education

Internal awards at certificate and diploma levels

Polytechnics Education

Public Higher Education

Teaching Training Colleges (Maktab Perguruan)

Public College Education Resident School System

Matriculation

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SMART SCHOOL
VISION 2020 (information technology)

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Smart Schools


1996 - ministry of Education brainstormed about the concept of smart schools. Late 1996 - smart schools become one of the 7 flagship applications of MSC July 1997 - Malaysian Smart School- A conceptual Blueprint was produced Schoolby a project team comprising industry representative the multimedia. Development Corporation offcials and the ministry of Education. 28 July 1998 - Telekom Smart School Shd. Bhd.(TSS) was awarded the contract for implementing the smart school solutions at 90 pilot schools nation wide. Project scheduled to be completed by July 2002 By the yr 2010,all 10000 schools in Malaysia schools will be upgraded to the 2010,all Smart school status.
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Smart Schools


The Malaysian Smart School is a learning institution that has been systematically reinvented in terms of teaching-learning practices & school teachingmanage in order to prepare our children for the information age", Smart School Flagship Application Blueprint-Ministry of Education) Blueprint-

Objectives of Smart Schools  Smart schools have 5 main objectives. objectives.  The 1st two objectives are targeted at individuals. -encourage all round development of individual covering the intellectual, physical, emotional & spiritual domains. -Provide opportunities for the individual to develop his/her own strength and abilities.

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Smart Schools


The 3rd objective relates to the needs of the society. -to provide a thinking workforce that is also technology literate. The 4th & 5th objectives are directed to the education system: -democratic education so as to provide every child with equal access to learning. -increase participation of parents, community and the public in the education process.

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Features of the Smart School



The features of the smart school system will encourage independent critical thought, creativity & ability to care in all students within a conducive learning environment.

Based on a philosophy that all students can learn if taught. all taught. A broad curriculum that takes into account the different capabilities and needs of each students. A school climate that is conducive for learning. Existence of strong & highly-professional principals & teachers highlycommunity & parents provide a high level of involvement & support.

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