INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

An alchemist's workshop of the 17th century. The alchemists eagerly watch an experiment while pumping bellows to work up the fire, so absorbed that they fail to notice the dalliance going on in the background. Alchemy, half science, half art, was inextricably mixed up with mystical and magical ideas, but experimentation was vigorous and alchemy made a vital contribution to the development of modern experimental chemistry.

0BJECTIVES OF THE CHEMISTRY SUBJECT CHEMISTRY CURRICULAR ENABLE STUDENTS TO : 1. To aquire the chemistry knowledge and to coorelate the knowledge with natural phenomena & daily experiences. 2. To understand the chemistry knowledge that related to scientific and technological development, natural environment management & its sources and also industrial process in various fields. 3. To master scientific & thinking skills. 4. To apply knowledge, critical and creative thinking skills base on scientific attitude and noble values in problem solving, decision making & conceptualizing.

6. To evaluate chemistry information effectively & wisely. 7. To overcome challenges in science & technology world & prepare to contribute in science and technological development. 8. To raise awareness of the important of natural environmental management and its sources wisely for the survival of the human being. 9. To appreciate the contribution of science and technology towards national development and for the benefits of human beings 10. To aware that the discovery made through scientific investigation is the human effort base on the mental ability to understand natural phenomena towards achieving the peaceful of

Expected learning outcomes 1.1 Understanding chemistry and its importance

A student is able to: Explain the meaning of chemistry. List some common chemicals used in daily life. State the uses of common chemicals in daily life. List examples of occupations that require the knowledge of chemistry. List chemical-based industries in Malaysia. Describe the contribution of chemicalbased industries towards the development

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY ALL ABOUT ? Chemistry is a study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of changes that occur in matter Matter, in science, general term applied to anything that occupies space and has the attributes of gravity and inertia (has mass). Matter exists in three physical states; solid, liquid and gas.

"Without Chemistry, Life Itself Would Be Impossible."

Monsanto Corporation

CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMISTRY TO THE MANKIND 1. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MATERIALS Pesticides, hormones, fertilizers Drugs, hormones, food supplements, health care products

Fuel/ batteries for power generation

Synthetics polymers/ Plastic materials Synthetics fibers for clothing materials

Material for sport products /leisure

Chemistry also helps us to understand ;

Human body PERSEKITARAN

An oxygen-rich protective atmosphere, moderate temperatures, abundant water, and a varied chemical composition allow earth to support life, the only planet known to do so. The planet is composed of rock and metal, solid in the outer parts but molten throughout most of the core. This photograph, taken by the Apollo 17 spacecraft in 1972, shows Arabia, the

Universe

3. Explains the phenomena of global warming & ozone depletion

Understand mechanisms of various diseases

AIDS Cancer

Brain biochemical process

Careers related to chemistry

Chemist /biochemist

Chemistry Lecturer / Teacher Food technologist Research Officer

Pharmacist

Chemical Engineer Medical /veterinary doctor

Mineralogist

Environmental Protection Officer Agricultural Scientist Sience Forensic Officer Quality Control Officer

CHEMICAL BASED INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA OIL & GAS REFINERIES Palm oil related industry

PLASTIC BASED INDUSTRIES PETROLEUM BASED INDUSTRIES AMMONIA AND UREA PRODUCTION EXTRACTION OF COPPER /METAL INDUSTRIES DRUGS PROCESSING BATTERY INDUSTRIES CEMENTS INDUSTRIES DETERGENTS INDUSTRIES PAINTS AND DYES Soap & detergents industry

NATURAL RUBBER RELATED INDUSTRIES

Part 2 1.2 Synthesising scientific method A student is able to: Identify variables in a given situation, Identify the relationship between two variables to form a hypothesis, Design and carry out a simple experiment to test the hypothesis, Record and present data in a suitable form, Interpret data to draw a conclusion, Write a report of the investigation.

The Scientific Method The scientific method is a process that involve syatematic steps for experimentation that is used to answer questions and explore observations

Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way. These changing quantities are called variables. Variables are a key element of the scientific method.

Steps in a scientific investigation

Writing report & drawing a conclusion Interpreting data Collecting data Carrying out the experiment Listing work procedures Selecting suitable apparatus Forming a hypothesis Suggesting a question Identifying all variables Observing a situation

A SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND A PHENOMENA

Part 3 1.3 Incorporate scientific attitudes and values in conducting scientific investigations

A student is able to: Identify scientific attitudes and values practised by scientists in carrying out investigations, Practise scientific attitudes and values in conducting scientific investigations