Reading Techniques

SKIMMING OR SKIM READING S C A N N I N G C O M P R E H E N S I O N R E A D I N G C R I T I C A L R E A D I N G N O T E T A K I N G J O F F E S F O R M U L A

SKIMMING/ SKIM READING

With the abandoned materials represented on one field, the students must be selective. Skimming techniques help him to select those word reading in this method, he is only interested in getting the main idea of the reading material and not the details that support it.

TYPES OF SKIMMING
a) Preview the students finds out whether the book or the article is written by a specialist in a certain area and whether it contained the information needed. These involve recalling information from what was read the reader should take a lot of effort in recognizing the key words and the phrases use by the author.

b) Overview the students discover the purpose and scope of the material. He or she find sections that are of special interest to him/her.

c) The S, Q, 3R this method involves this ff. steps: 1. Survey this includes reading the title, headings, paragraph citation and other key words including illustrations to give you an idea of the entire material. Usually, some books provide a summary and it is advisable to read it first to obtain some key points about the article or selection.

2. Question this process aids the reader to think more critically about the subject and will help him/her to retain the details in a longer period.

3. Read the reader should orally read the text in critically comprehend the ideas contained there-in. In the material is light, he/she may scan the paragraphs. He/ she must note down the key ideas and unfamiliar words that will be essential in giving the meaning of the selection.

4. Recite this sis actually intended for those with a longer test, the reader should pause for a whil after going through the section, then he/ she will recite the main ideas under each each heading. He/ she may opt to stop if he/she can recall everything.

5. Review this is done after reading the entire text. Scheme over the chapter, title and heading. The reader will now asked hiomself/ herself what the text mean. The reader is entitled to answer the questions formulated later.

SCANNING
Scanning help the students search quickly for the specific information he/she wishes to get from the material, such as finding the meaning of a word in a dictionary, finding statistical information in tables, charts or graphs. Finding the heading under which the required information appears in an index and finding the answer to some question from a text.

Procedures for Scanning

1. 2.

Keep in mind only specific information to be located. Decide which clues will help you to find the required information.

3.

Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page to find the clue.

4.

Read the section containing the clues to get the information needed

In scanning, the students trained to think of clues to help him/her to find specific information.
This clues maybe a :
y word or words y punctuation y alphabetical order y number, etc.

COMPREHENSION READING
Scientific text contain a great deal of information most of each consists of facts. The students must read carefully and slowly in order to absorb and extract information and comprehend the material.

To read scientific material comprehensively, the student must learn and practice the following :
a) Vocabulary recognition - word analysis, use the dictionary and use of context clues are usually done by the student. b) Sentence comprehension - the student should know how to analyze a sentence, recognize punctuation clues, reference terms and signal words

c) Paragraph analysis - the student learns to :

y find the topic y find the main idea y find major supporting details y find minor supporting details

d) Interpreting illustrations - student must interpret properly:

y pictures y tables y maps y charts y and other none prose material

CRITICAL READING
In order to read critically the student must learn to:
a) Examine the readability of the material b) Distinguish facts from opinion c) Draw inferences from the material

NOTE TAKING
To gain more from his reading, the students should take notes as he/she reads period. This will help him/her understand better as well as to retain what he/she has read.

Note taking involves:

a) recording key points b) reducing language - this can be done by deleting certain words such as articles, verbs ( to be) + ( to have), unimportant adjectives and adverbs, etc Using symbols and numbers instead of words, using abbreviations (both standard and person), using acronyms, and using tables, charts, and diagram.

c) Organizing notes in a format that is easy to understand - the student is encourage to take notes either in the form of charts, tables, or diagram, or by writing phrases or sentences appropriate to their needs.

JOFFES FORMULA
This formula states that you have a specific purpose when you read. This will aid you to:
1. 2.

associate or relate ideas to each other visualize, try to see pictures to your mind while you read

3.

concentrate with a clear purpose in mind associating and visualizing will help you focus on your reading

4.

repeat, remind yourself important points and link details with this points.