Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VIJAY UPADHYAY
11AT61R06
Chassis Control
B ra ki n g , S u sp e n sion , S te e ri n g , S ta b i l ity. A B S ,E SP, B y wi re . H yb ri d S ys te m , H a rd R e a l Ti m e (m illisec on ds ).
Body Electronics
L i g h ts , d o o rs , wi n d o ws , d a s h b o a rd , s e a ts , m i rro rs . D i s c re te , R e a c ti v e (s e co nds ).
Telematics
N a vi g atio n, i n f o ta inme nt , re m o te v e h i cl e d i a g n o stics . H a n d s f ree p ho ne , ra d i o , C D , D V D .
2
MODE OF COMMUNICATION
Event Triggered
Event triggered networks are non-deterministic. Signals are transmitted indicating occurrence of significant event. Protocol adopts a particular scheme to avoid collision. Efficient in terms of bandwidth. Evolution of system without redesigning existing nodes is generally possible. Fast reaction to asynchronous events occurring at unknown times. No time synchronization between network node hence delay occurs due to media access and queuing mechanisms. Traffic from non-safety-critical multimedia applications is considered as event-triggered traffic.
w aiting time for B
event A
event B
MODE OF COMMUNICATION(CONT.)
Time Triggered
Frames are transmitted at predetermined points in time. As frame scheduling is predefined, timing constraints are easier to check. Missing messages can be immediately identified thus nodes that are not operational. Not flexible to unplanned addition of a new transmitting node on the network. FOR data transmission in respective time slots, network elements designed for minimal delay times without queues. Traffic in time-triggered systems is small compared to that in event-triggered. Allowed delay and jitter for time-triggered traffic is larger.
time slot
C
Cycle Time
t
5
Object Layer
- Message filtering - Message and Status Handling - Fault Confinement - Error detection and Signalling - Message Validation - Acknowledgment - Arbitration - Message Framing - Transfer Rate and Timing
Transfer Layer
Physical Layer
- Signal Level and Bit Representation - Transmission Medium
7
SOF - o n e Header
d o m i n an t b i t i s s e n t to i n d i c a te th e s ta rti n g o f d a ta f ra m e .
Identifier - defines message priorities during arbitration. - CAN bus operates as an AND operator. RTR this bit shows whether data is being sent to destination or the
destination node is requesting for data to source.
CRC SEQUENCE - this part of CRC field is actually used for error detection and correction . CRC DELIMITER - The CRC SEQUENCE is followed by the CRC
DELIMITER which consists of a single recessive bit.
s h o wi n g
EOF b i ts.
E a c h D ATA F R A ME i s d e l i mite d b y a s e q u e n c e o f s e ve n re c e s s i ve a vo i d s th e f ra m e i n te rf e re n ce .
9
Interframe Space
10
11
12
13
Value analysis
Computes an approximation of the set of possible values in registers and memory locations by an interval analysis.
Micro-architectural analysis
Determines bounds on the execution time of basic blocks. Static cache analyses determine safe approximations to the contents of caches at each program point. Pipeline analysis analyses how instructions pass through the pipeline accounting for occupancy of shared resources like queues, functional units etc.
15
16
RAM
CPLD
DSP
HPI 32
RAM
data stream
19
Application initialization
Multitask application
20
21
22
23
24
25
VRTX ARCHITECTURE
26
27
REFERENCES
R o b e rt B o sc h Gm b H . C A N S p e c i fic atio n, Ve rs i o n 2 .0 , 1 9 9 1 . A . A l b e rt, C o m p a ris on o f e v e n t-tri g g ere d a n d ti m e -tri g ge red c o n c e p ts wi th re g a rd s to d i stri b u te d c on trol s yste m s, p re s e n te d a t th e E m b e d d ed W orld C o n f . 2 0 0 4 , N rn b e rg , Ge rm a n y, 2 0 0 4 . G. L e e n a n d D . H e ff e rn an, E xp a n d i ng a u to m o ti v e e l e c tro n i c s ys te m s , IE E E C o mp u t., v o l . 3 5 , n o . 1 , p p . 8 8 9 3 , J a n . 2 0 0 2 . W e i Yi n g yi n g a n d C a i Qi z h o n g R e s e a rch a n d D e s i g n o f th e E m b e d d ed S o f twa re S ys te m o f A u to m o ti ve E n g i n e A nalys e r p re s e n te d a t T h e E i g h th In te rn a ti o nal Co nfe ren ce o n E l e c tro n ic Me a s ure men t a n d In s tru m e n ts 2 0 0 7 . A g e K a l n e s , D a g J o h a n s e n , U n i v e rs ity o f Tro m s o , N o rwa y V ORT E X: a n e v e n t-d riv en m u l ti p roc es so r o p e ra ti n g s ys te m s u p p o rti ng p e rf o rm a nc e i s o l atio n 2 0 0 3 .
28
REFERENCES (CONTD.)
R e i n hard W ilhelm, D a n i e l Gru n d , J a n R e i n e ke, Ma rc S c h l i ck ling , Ma rk u s P i s te r, a n d C h ri sti a n F e rd i n a nd Me m o ry H i e ra rc hie s, P i p e lin es , a n d B u se s f o r F u tu re A rch i te c tu res i n Ti m e -C ritic al E m b e d d ed S ys te m s IE E E T R A NSACTION S ON C OMP U T E R -AIDED D E S IGN OF IN T E GR ATED C IR C UITS A ND S YSTEMS , V OL . 2 8 , N O. 7 , JU LY 2 0 0 9 . G. B e rn a t, A . C o l i n , a n d S . M. P e tte rs, W CET a n a l ys i s o f p ro b a b i listic h a rd re a l -ti me sys te m s , i n P ro c . 2 3 rd IE E E RT S S , 2 0 0 2 , p p . 2 7 9 2 8 8 . N IC OL A S N AV E T, Y E QION G S ON G, F R A NOIS E S IMON OT-L ION , A N D C D RIC W ILW ERT Tren ds in Au to mo tive C o mmu n ic a tion S ys te ms IE E E , V OL . 9 3 , N O. 6 , J U N E 2 0 0 5 . Te xa s In s tru m e n ts A p p l i c atio n R e p o rt S L L A 2 70 , C o n tro l l er A re a N e two rk P h ysi ca l L aye r R e q u ire men ts , J a n u a ry 2 0 0 8 .
29