Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Method And Estimation of Enhanced Design Base Shear for Strengthening the Existing RC Buildings Designed As Per IS Codes Prior to IS:18932002 by Seismic Coefficient Method
RAMA RAJU.K CINITHA.A KAMATCHI.P NAGESH.R.IYER LAKSHMANAN.N
VIBRAT ION CONTROL GROUP, S RUCTRAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTRE,CHENNAI-600 113
Introduction
Paper 1
The existing low/medium-rise buildings designed as per the old codes of practice are required to be retrofitted to comply with the base shear requirement of present IS: 1893-2002 Seismic Coefficient Method (less than 8-Storeys and below 40m ht)
Type of Building frame Seismic zone upgradation Site soil condition Importance Factor Response reduction factor
Introduction
cont----
Paper 2
Outline
Enhanced Design Base Shear requirement of Existing Buildings
(with infill and without infill) as per IS:1893-2002 by Seismic Coefficient Method for two revisions of Seismic Codes studied are IS:1893-1966, 1984
Note: Seismic weight of the building (W); Importance factor, depending upon the Functional use of the structures (I) * The factor 2 in the denominator of Z is used so as to reduce the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) zone factor to the factor for Design Basis Earthquake ( DBE ).
VB = C
hW
VB = KC
Where,
h
hW
VB = AhW
For structure T <0.1 s ; If Ah Z; Ah = Z / 2 Where,
Z I Sa 2 R g
C coefficient defining the flexibility of structure with the increase in number of storeys.
9 (n5) 1 for frame buildings 1.33 for frame buildings having load bearing walls Where, n number of storeys including basement floors E h Seismic coefficient varies with the type of soil and seismic zones C!
= I
Coefficient depending upon type of soil and foundation system o Basic horizontal seismic coefficient varies w.r.t seismic zones K Performance factor depending on the structure framing system and brittleness or ductility of construction h Design seismic coefficient T Fundamental time period of the building in seconds C Coefficient defining the flexibility of structure with the increase in number of storeys depending upon fundamental time period T
Ah !
Where Z Zone factor given for MCE and service life of structure in a zone.* R Response reduction factor depending on the perceived seismic damage performance of the structure, Sa/g Average response acceleration coefficient varies with type of soil Ah Design horizontal seismic coefficient
Note: Seismic weight of the building (W); Importance factor, depending upon the Functional use of the structures (I), * The factor 2 in the denominator of Z is used so as to reduce the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) zone factor to the factor for Design Basis Earthquake (DBE ).
Details
Type of building No. of Storeys Type of Foundation Dead load
Example 1
Office
Example 2
Commercial
Example 3
Office
4 Raft
6 Isolated RCC footings with Tie beams 5.5/m2 on the roof 11.8kN/m2 on Floors 1.5kN/m2 on the roof 4kN/m2 on floors
8 Pile foundation
10kN/m2 on the roof 12kN/m2 on Floors 1.5kN/m2 on the roof 4kN/m2 on floors
6.07kN/m2 on floors
Live load
Note: The buildings considered do not have any vertical plan irregularities
3@7.5
4@5
3@7.5
3@7.5
3@ 7.5
8@3
5@5
4.2
3@3.2
EX.1
Additional % BS requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100 70.84 35.20 41.68 19.00 27.10 32.50 39.25 46.00 35.20 28.00 Medium Soil 1966 1984 Additional % BS requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100 76 52 52 40 40 50 50 60 46.67 46.67 Medium Soil 1966 1984 76 76 28 52.00 25 40.00 40 50.00 46.67 46.67 33.33 Soft Soil 1966 1984 52 76 52.00 4 10 40.00 20 50.00 33.33 46.67 20 46.67
Variation in BS with respect to seismic zones as per IS:1893, 4-Storeyed Building (Ex.1)
Base Shear (kN) With infill 1966 0 312 624 780 936 1248 Hard Soil 1984 156 312 624 780 1248 2002 650 1040 1560 2340 2002 650 1040 1560 2340 2002 650 1040 1560 2340
Medium Soil 1984 2002 104.28 482.79 208.56 417.13 772.46 521.41 1158.69 834.26 Soft Soil 1984 104.28 208.56 417.13 521.41 1738.04
76.00
28.00 25.00 40.00 46.67 33.33
78.40
56.80 46.00 55.00 52.00 Soft Soil 1984 78.40 56.80 46.00 55.00 52.00
Zone 1966 2002 1966 I 231.74 52.00 482.79 II 463.48 4.00 III 695.21 772.46 10.00 IV 926.95 1158.69 20.00 V 1158.69 33.33 834.26 1738.04 VI 1390.43 20.00 Note: BS Base Shear; PS Present version of IS 1893:2002
Medium Soil 1966 1984 156 156 468 312 780 624 936 780 1248 1248 1560 Soft Soil 1966 1984 312 156 624 312 936 624 1248 780 1560 1248 1872
EX. 2
Additional % Base Shear requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100 57.70 15.40 -5.75 Base Shear (kN) With infill 1966 0 589.29 1178.58 1473.23 1767.87 2357.16 1966 294.65 883.94 1473.23 1767.87 2357.16 2946.45 1966 589.29 1178.58 1767.87 2357.16 2946.45 3535.74 Hard Soil 1984 294.645 589.29 1178.58 1473.23 2357.16 Medium Soil 1984 294.65 589.29 1178.58 1473.23 2357.6 Soft Soil 1984 353.57 707.15 1414.30 1767.87 2828.59 1636.92 2619.07 3928.6 5892.9 2002 1190.49 1904.78 2857.16 4285.75 2002 Additional % BS requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100 75.25 50.50 38.13 50.50
Variation in BS with respect to seismic zones as per IS:1893, 6-Storey Commercial Building (Ex.2)
15.40
-5.75
38.13
68.90
6.69
82.00
46.00 43.75 55 60 50
82.00
64.00 55.00 62.50 59.99
2.80
22.24 30.88 13.60
Soft Soil 1966 1984 64.00 78.40 56.80 46.00 55.00 52.00
69.60
39.21 24.01 36.68 32.46
28.00
32.50 40.00 50.00 40.00
3 1235.7 988.56 1300.94 5.01 4 1647.6 1235.7 1951.41 15.57 5 2059.5 29.64 1977.12 2927.12 6 2471.4 15.57 Note: BS Base Shear; PS Present version of IS 1893:2002
EX. 3
Additional % BS requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100.00 76.51 62.74 53.02
Variation with respect to seismic zones as per IS:1893, 8-Storey office Building (Ex.3) with Pile foundation resting on hard Soil
Additional % BS requirement as per PS Hard Soil 1966 1984 100.00 68.90 32.93 37.79 Base Shear (kN) With infill 1966 0 375.28 750.57 938.21 1125.85 1501.13 1966 187.64 562.92 938.21 1125.85 1501.13 1876.41 1966 375.22 750.57 1125.85 1501.13 1876.41 2251.70 Hard Soil 1984 236.59 473.18 946.37 1182.96 1892.73 Medium Soil 1984 236.59 473.18 946.37 1182.96 1892.77 Soft Soil 1984 236.59 473.18 946.37 1182.96 1892.73 2002 1007.2 1611.52 2417.28 4079.16 2002 1133.1 1812.96 2719.44 4079.16
16.16
22.24
41.27 53.42 61.19 51.06 72.40 53.60 63.20 Medium Soil 1966 1984 83.44 79.12
50.32 58.24 48.25 47.80 58.60 56.50 63.20 53.60 54.00 Soft Soil 1966 1984 66.89 79.12 58.24 47.78 56.50 53.60
75.34
26.03 22.95 38.36 45.21 49.18 31.51 Soft Soil 1966 1984 59.84
81.37
62.75 53.44 61.20 58.61
19.68 3 915.31 565.99 1215.54 24.70 4 1220.41 707.48 1823.3 33.07 5 1525.51 44.22 1131.98 2734.95 6 1830.62 33.07 Note: BS Base Shear; PS Present version of IS 1893:2002
33.76
37.87 44.80 54.00 44.80
The base shears of buildings are found to be varying not only because
of zone up gradation, but also with other parameters such as type of foundation and type of soil in the three revisions of IS:1893. shear capacity.
Both with infill and without infill buildings need enhancements in base From the studies, it is observed that there is a mandatory requirement to
find the enhanced base shear requirement (4-80%) as per present code IS:1893-2002 for existing buildings designed as per IS:1893-1966 and 1984 codes. shear force in the existing buildings and to conform to present code of practice, IS:1893-2002.
Estimation of Enhanced Design Base Shear for Strengthening the Existing RC Buildings Designed As Per IS Codes Prior to IS:1893-2002 by Seismic Coefficient Method
IS:1893-1984
Types of Foundations specified as per IS:1893-1984 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Raft Piles passing through any soil Foundations and not resting on hard soil Combined or isolated RCC Footings with Tie Beams
Type 1 Piles passing through any soil and resting on hard soil
Type 6
Isolated RCC Footings Well without Tie Beams or Foundations Unreinforced strip foundations
Values of Soil Foundation system coefficient as per IS:1893-1984 and IS:1893-2002 Case 1( F=1) Case 2 ( F=1.2) Case3 ( F=1.5) Case 4 (Sa/g) IS:1893-2002, Soft soil
Foundations of types 5 Foundations of All other foundations and and 6 in Medium Soil, types 5 and 6 in soils not mentioned in and types 2 and 4 in Soft Soft Soil. type 2, type 3 Soil
1.5
0.5
Periods (s)
Fig.1 Response Spectra for rock and soil sites for 5 percent damping
For Type 1 Rocky or Hard Soil Sites:
Foundations need to be designed such that design forces on structures standing on rocks or soils which do not settle, liquefy or slide due to loss of strength during ground vibrations. The foundations vulnerable for settlements are avoided in zones III, IV and V The code recommends providing ties in between the isolated footings in zone IV and V. The axial force in ties is restricted to Ah/4, where Ah is the design horizontal seismic coefficient.
0.00 e T e 0.10 0.10 e T e 0.40 0.40 e T e 4.00 0.00 e T e 0.10 0.10 e T e 0.55 0.55 e T e 4.00 0.00 e T e 0.10 0.10 e T e 0.67 0.67 e T e 4.00
N " 30
10 N 30
N 10
Table.3 The variation in Base Shear with respect to Soil-Foundation system Coefficient as per IS:1893-1984 (Ex. 1) Zone Without Infill Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 F=1 (kN) I II F=1.2 (kN) F=1.5 (kN) (kN) Case1 Case2 Case3 205.95 247.14 308.925 411.9 494.28 617.85 813.09 74.67 69.60 49.34 39.21 62.01 24.01 5.01 294.65 353.58 441.975 589.29 707.148 883.935 1636.92 Additional BS (%) With Infill Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 F=1 (kN) F=1.2 (kN) F=1.5 (kN) (Sa/g) (kN) Case1 Case2 Case3 81.99 78.40 72.99 64.00 56.80 46.001 Additional BS (%) with respect to Case 4
823.8 988.56 1235.7 1300.94 36.68 24.01 IV 1029.75 1235.7 1544.6251951.41 47.23 36.68 V 1647.6 1977.12 2471.4 2927.12 43.71 32.46
26.34 1473.23 1767.88 2209.85 3928.6 62.49 54.99 43.75 15.57 2357.16 2828.59 3535.74 5892.6 59.99 51.99 39.99
Table.4 The variation in Base shear with respect to Soil-Foundation system Coefficient as per IS:1893-1984 (Ex. 2) Zon e Without Infill Additional BS (%) Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 F=1 F=1.2 F=1.5 (Sa/g) with respect to Case 4 (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) Case1 Case2 Case3 I 141.5 169.8 212.25 759.71 81.37 62.75 77.65 55.30 44.12 53.44 50.33 72.06 44.13 30.16 41.80 37.92 With Infill Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Additional BS (%) F=1 F=1.2 F=1.5 (Sa/g) with respect to Case 4 (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) Case1 Case2 Case3 236.59 283.91 354.89 473.18 567.82 709.77 1133.1 79.12 58.24 74.94 68.68 37.36 37.36 37.33 21.67 56.50 34.75 44.32 30.40
565.99 679.19 848.991215.5 53.44 IV 707.48 848.98 1061.21823.3 61.20 V 1132 1358.38 1698 2735 58.61
946.37 1135.64 1419.56 1812.16 47.78 1182.96 1419.55 1774.44 2719.44 56.49 1892.73 2271.28 2839.10 4079.16 53.60
The effect of soil foundation system on enhanced design base shear has been accounted for in IS: 1893-2002 by proper choice of foundation scheme avoiding foundation settlements.