Professional Documents
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Schools utilize significant resources addressing energy use and facility maintenance
K-12 spend $8 billion annually on energy, electricity (63%) and natural gas (29%), oil (7%), district heat (3%) costs rising Second largest cost after personnel 1,000 new schools built annually Average school is 42 years old renovations are becoming necessary and commonplace Estimated $60 billion over next 3 years for new construction, and retrofits In 2002, 47% of nations school districts renovated or retrofitted facilities In 2005, $21.6 billion spent on school construction $12.8 billion new, $5 billion additions, and $3.9 billion renovations
An enormous opportunity to reduce energy bills for the long term and to make schools a healthier place to learn by considering energy when building
How can we build schools smarter? What characteristics do schools that are models of smart energy use have?
Serve as safe havens Viewed as round-the-clock community centers Incorporate high-performance building design Include energy-efficient technologies and strategies Building would provide hands-on learning for energy education/curriculum Include alternative fuel transportation Generate energy on-site using renewable energy systems
Increase energy efficiency in new school construction and major reconstruction by 50% Create more comfortable, productive, and healthier spaces for learning and working Provide opportunities for dynamic, interactive lessons on energy efficiency and renewable energy Supply off-grid power and back-up power Replace diesel- and gasoline-fueled buses with cleaner alternatives
Provides guidelines for designing and building energy efficient schools Schools would have minimum 30% energy savings over current code Accounts for different climates (and gives climate-specific recommendations) No unproven technologies focuses on cost-effective solutions and off-theshelf technologies Minimal first cost increase if guide is used throughout design process Developed in partnership with ASHRAE, AIA, IESNA, USGBC
Advanced Energy Design Guide breaks down each aspect of the design process to help designers identify how to maximize energy savings Louisiana Climate Zones Recommendations
Provides criteria for insulating values for: walls, roofs, doors, windows, ducts Outlines minimum HVAC efficiencies Specifies Lighting Power Densities (i.e. max. 0.9 W/sq.ft.)
Plan for preventive maintenance (PM) Train facility operators and occupants
Energy star appliances and office equipment Use energy modeling iteratively to identify and reduce loads, and optimize efficiency of design
Annual Energy Savings of $50,000 An Energy Budget that is 50% lower than other schools in the district
Consider extent of renovation, and how layout/design changes may impact energy use Explore options beyond like-for-like
HVAC efficiency, sizing and system design Lighting redesign Daylight harvesting Room layout, etc.
Weatherization
Weather-stripping, repair broken windows
Lighting upgrades
T12 -> T8, HIDs -> T5, CFLs, occupancy sensors Harvest daylight when possible De-lamp vending machines
HVAC equipment
Replace old equipment with high efficiency equipment Premium efficiency motors Variable speed drives for motors and pumps
Window replacement
Low-e, low SHGC, insulating glass Reflective films are a less expensive option if installed correctly
Plug loads
Energy Star office equipment and appliances Install Vending Misers on vending machines Replace CRTs with LCD monitors
Estimated Impact
Energy Savings (MMBtu) 304 112 158 71 105 56 41 11 414 Cost Savings ($) $11,337 $4,164 $5,876 $2,655 $3,293 $2,070 $1,227 $388 $14,190
Implementation
Cost to Complete ($) $0 $5,643 $8,500 $10,175 $13,200 $25,000 $5,089 $5,600 $168,000 Simple Payback (years) 0.0 1.4 1.4 3.8 3.4 12.1 4.1 10.1 11.8 Target Completion Date 4Q 2007 1Q 2008 1Q 2008 1Q 2008 1Q 2008 2Q 2008 1Q 2008 2Q 2008 3Q 2008
TOTALS
1,017
$36,160
$241,207
6.7
Extends equipment life and minimizes unexpected failures Policy should be set at district or state level Implement strategies to support policy
Low/No Cost
Quick, simple fixes - minimal cost, low to moderate impact
School Renovations and Retrofits Energy Savings Performance Contracting Revolving Energy Efficiency Fund States and local districts have created a variety of funding programs
Additional Resources
U.S. Dept. of Energy - Energy Smart Schools
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energysmartschools
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education
Energy Star
Additional Resources
Collaboration for High Performance Schools
http://www.chps.net
http://www.edfacilities.org
http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1604
Final Thoughts
Energy conservation and efficiency is affordable now, and more affordable over time Select A&E firms who demonstrate innovation and experience with energy efficient design Use an integrated design approach to optimize energy efficiency and LEED rating
Choose trade-offs between LEED categories wisely
A comprehensive O&M and Energy Management Plan ensures sustained savings and performance
Contact Information
Phil Voss National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Philip_Voss@nrel.gov; (504) 528-8428 Joe Ryan nola Energy Consulting (contractor to NREL) nolaec@cox.net; (504) 528-8425
QUESTIONS?