AN INTRODUCTION TO BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY
CONTENT

 Overview of Bluetooth History

 The Bluetooth Specifications
 Typical Bluetooth Scenario
 Working of Bluetooth
 System Requirements
 Profiles
 Comparison with other
technologies
 Advantages & Disadvantages of
Bluetooth
EXAMPLE : THE NETWORKED HOME
WHAT IS BLUETOOTH?

 “Bluetooth wireless technology is an open

specification for a low-cost, low-power, short-
range radio technology for ad-hoc wireless
communication of voice and data anywhere in
the world.”

One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

ULTIMATE HEADSET
CORDLESS COMPUTER
BLUETOOTH GOALS & VISION

 Originally conceived as a cable replacement

technology
 Short-Range Wireless Solutions

 Open Specification

 Voice and Data Capability

 Worldwide Usability

 Other usage models began to develop:

 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Ad-hoc networks
 Data/voice access points
 Wireless telematics
OVERVIEW OF BLUETOOTH HISTORY

 What is Bluetooth?
 Bluetoothis a short-range wireless communications
technology.

 Why this name?

 Itwas taken from the 10th century Danish King
Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.

 When does it appear?

 1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to
link mobile phones & accessories.
 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group (SIG) in 1998.
 First specification released in July 1999.
TIMELINE
 1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision
 1995 : Engineering work begins
 1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate
 1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia
& Toshiba
 1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A SIG promoter group
Expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola.
 2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters
 2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.1
 2003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.2
 2005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)
 Piconet is the fundamental form of
communication for Bluetooth Wireless
technology.
 Master & Slaves.
 The master Bluetooth device can
communicate with upto 7 devices.
 Data can be transferred b/w the
master & one other device.
 The master switches rapidly from
device to another in a round-robin
fashion.
Piconet 1 Piconet 2

S SB S
P
P M M

S
S M-master
S S-Slave
P P P-Parked
SB-Standby

All devices in a piconet use the same frequency-

hopping pattern
Two or more Piconets can be
connected together to form a
Scatternet.
Some devices act as a bridge by
simultaneously playing the master
role & the slave role in one
piconet.
All devices in a piconet use the
same frequency-hopping pattern
 Application

O
B TCP /IP AT
E Commands
PPP
X

RFCO MM TSC SDP

L2CAP

HCI

Audio Link Manager (LM)

Bas eb an d

Bluet ooth Radio

 Bluetooth specification consists
of a series of layers,
implemented in h/w & s/w:
Physical layer
Baseband

Link Manager Protocol(LMP)

Host controller

Logical Link Control and

Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP).

Application Protocol
 The only versions of MS Windows tat
have native support for BT are Windows
XP Service Pack 2 and later
 Previous versions require the users to
install their BT adapter’s own drivers
(not directly supported by MS)
 Mac OS X has supported BT since
version 10.2 released in 2002.
 Linux provides 2 BT stacks with BlueZ
stack, Supporting all core BT protocols
& layers
 Wireless control of communication b/w
a cell phone & a hands-free headset
 Wireless n/wing b/w PCs in a confined
space
 Transfer of files b/w devices with
OBEX
 For controls where IR was traditionally
used
 7th generation game consoles-
Nintendo Wii ,Sony PlayStation3
Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B
Drawbacks:
Difficultyin making it
interoperable
Had mandatory h/w device add
transmission
Rendering anonymity impossible
at protocol level
Many errors found in 1.0B were
fixed
Added support for non-encrypted
channels
Received Signal Strength Indicator
(RSSI)
Backward compatible with 1.1
Faster connection and discovery
Improved resistance to Radio
Frequency interference
Higher transmission speeds
Improved voice quality of audio
links by allowing retransmission of
corrupted pages
Host Controller Interface support.
 Specified in November 2004
 Backward compatible with version 1.1
 Introduction of Enhanced Data Rate
(EDR) of 3.0 Mbits/s
 3 times faster transmission speed
 Lower power conception thru a reduced
duty cycle
 More available b/w
 Further improved performance
Will be adopted by BT SIG once
interoperability testing has
completed
Extended inquiry response
Encryption Pause Resume
Secure Simple Pairing
NFC(Near Field Communication)
Cooperation
FILE TRANSFER PROFILE

• Profile provides:
• Enhanced client-server interactions:
- browse, create, transfer folders
- browse, pull, push, delete files
HEADSET PROFILE

• Profile provides:
• Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection &
accept/terminate calls.
• Volume can be controlled from either device.
• Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.
CORE BLUETOOTH PRODUCTS

• Notebook PCs & • CD Player

Desktop computers
• TV/VCR/DVD
• Printers
• PDAs • Access Points
• Other handheld devices • Telephone Answering
• Cell phones Devices
• Wireless peripherals: • Cordless Phones
• Headsets
• Cars
• Cameras
OTHER PRODUCTS…

 2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS

430
 hands free calls
 Digital Pulse Oximetry System
 Toshiba Washer & Dryer
 Nokia N-gage
A COMPARISON

WLAN
 BLUETOOTH VS. IRD
 Bluetooth •IrD
 Point to Multipoint
 Data & Voice
 Easier Synchronization
due to Omni-
directional and no LOS
requirement
 Devices can be mobile
 Range 10 m
—Point to point
—Intended for Data Communication
—Infrared, LOS communication
—Can not penetrate solid objects
—Both devices must be stationary, for
synchronization
—Range 1 m
ADVANTAGES
 Cost Effectiveness: This is cost effective since the
cost of connectivity and their recurring costs are
not involved. 
 It is very standardized which guarantees a high
level of inter operate ability .
 It operates on bi-directional mode
 Voice and data coexists in this technology.
  Interaction of locally connected so many
peripherals are there which is called peer to peer
or ad-hoc network.
  There is an acknowledgement system
guaranteed for data transmission.
 It has a very strong frequency hopping
technology and has a reliable error correcting
codes compared to 433MHz, or even Wi-Fi type
systems.
 Energy consumed in this technology is very low.
LIMITATIONS

 Short Range operations: This technology is useful

in only short range of operations. That means the
devices exchanging information have to be
carried along if moving with a laptop to
somewhere outside the range. Hence it can be
said that this system is unable to cope with
mobility.
 Bluetooth standards does not address routing in
piconets and scatternets .
 Multi-hop multicasting is absent in this
technology. 
 Bluetooth is not fully developed and integrated
into all the products involved
we have to still wait for it to get fully evolved.
THANK YOU