1.

Introduction to Jazz: Past, Present and Future

Questions
How many have listened to jazz before? How many have purchased 10 or more jazz recordings? How many here have been to 5 or more jazz concerts in their lives? How many people here are not sure whether they like jazz music? How many people here have played a musical instrument? How many people here like many other styles of music other than jazz? How many people are here because they want an easy A?

Past
Louis Armstrong http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTpNC1Qi J5w&feature=related

Present(sort of)
Michael Brecker http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3uIvSfjk4 0

Future
Esperanza Spalding http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFfDq0qb t2U

A. Overview
Class Outline Website Syllabus/Grading Policies My Bio

Syllabus
Jazz History I 3credits Instructors: George Colligan ghc@pdx.edu TA: Marc Hutchinson marc2@pdx.edu Hoffman Hall 109 January 10, 2012 to March 20, 2012

Course Format:
Lectures, Audio/Video Presentations, Performances.Required Materials: A computer or internet access a notebook or some other way to take notes Course Objectives:To learn about Jazz from its pre -20th century origins into ragtime, the blues, dixieland, swing, and the beginnings of bebop.To learn listening and appreciation skills.

Course Content
Lectures and performances will be the bulk of the class. There will be PowerPoint presentations and many classes will feature the "Top 10" musicians of an era. There is a website which will contain each classes powerpoint presentation as well as listening examples and other relevant content.

Course requirements
Grades will be based on the Midterm(30 %), the Final(30%) , and 6 Surprise Tests(30%) given in class. You will also be required to attend 5 live performances and bring in proof of attendance(10%).

 Disability Resource Center A service for all students attending Portland State University The Disability Resource Center page has moved! Please find us at http://www.drc.pdx.edu. Disability Resource Center Portland State University 116 Smith Memorial Student Union 1825 SW Broadway Portland, OR 97201 Phone: (503) 725-4150 Fax: (503) 725-4103 TTY or Relay: (503) 725-6504 Email: drc@pdx.edu

Outside performances .
Here is a partial listing of jazz venues in Portland JIMMY MAK'S 221 NW 10th Ave. (between Davis and Everett) Wilfs Restaurant 800 NW 6th Avenue at Union Station Camillia Lounge 510 NW 11th Ave Ivories Jazz Lounge 1435 NW Flanders The Blue Monk 3341 Southeast Belmont Street Touche Restaurant 1425 NW Glisan St. Portland

Clyde s (Sunday night Jam Session) 5474 NE Sandy Blvd Brasserie Monmatre 626 SW Park Ave Tommy O s Pacific Rim Bistro 4101 Southeast 192nd Avenue Vancouver, WA Portland Jazz Festival is in February 2 concerts in LH 75 this term http://www.jsojazzscene.org/calendar.htm

Class Outline
1. January 10: Introduction To Jazz 2. Jan 12: Origins Of Jazz 3.Jan:17th:Ragtime/Early Jazz 4.Jan 19th: Tin Pan Alley 5.Jan 24th: Duke Ellington/Stride Piano 6. Jan 26th: Swing/Big Bands 7.Jan 31st: Bebop 8.Feb 2:West Coast/Cool Jazz 9.Feb 7:The Great Jazz Singers/Review for Midterm 10. Feb 9: MIDTERM

Outline page 2
11.Feb 14th: Hard Bop 12.Feb 16th:Avant Garde/Charles Mingus 13. Feb 21:GUEST INTERVIEW AND PERFORMANCE WITH PROFESSOR DARRELL GRANT 14. Feb 23: GUEST LECTURER PROFESSOR CHARLEY GREY 15. Feb 28th: Miles and Trane 16. March 1st: Bill Evans/Pianists 17.March 6th: Fusion/Mainstream 18.March 8th: Latin/Brazilian/Flamenco 19. March 13th: 80's/90's 20. March 15th: Present Day/Review For Final 21. March 20th: FINAL EXAM

Website
http://psujazzhistory.blogspot.com/ http://jazztruth.blogspot.com/

A little about your professor

Born in Summit New Jersey in 1969 Started trumpet in 4th grade Given jazz recordings by neighbor, teacher Signed out records from the library Studied trumpet and music ed at Peabody Conservatory Switched to jazz piano (self taught) Started playing piano professionally in 1988

Colligan bio 2
Freelanced in Baltimore, Washington DC until 1995 Moved to New York City in 1995 Toured, performed, and recorded with : Cassandra Wilson, Ravi Coltrane, Jack DeJohnette, Benny Golson, Lee Konitz, Christian McBride, Nicholas Payton, Stefon Harris, Buster Williams,etc

Colligan Bio 3
Recorded CDs as a leader from 1995 to today Taught at Juilliard School of music for 2 years Taught at University of Manitoba for 2 years Started jazztruth blog in 2010 Moved to Portland in August

What is Jazz?
1. Definition/Salient Characteristics: Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. Its West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, call-response, and the swung note.

Salient Characteristics
Blue Notes Improvisation Polyrhythms Syncopation Call And Response Swing

 The salient characteristics we have just discussed are obviously debatable. There is much jazz without call and response, overt swing, and even blue notes might not be obvious. This makes the idea of whether or not something is jazz harder to pinpoint. Hopefully, the more you listen, the more you will be able to make an educated determination. Ultimately, labels aren t important in terms of whether or not you get anything from music .

The Word Jazz

The word "jazz" (in early years also spelled "jass") began as a West Coast slang term and was first used to refer to music in Chicago at about 1915. Some say it appeared in reference to baseball, and some say it s slang for energy . Others say it is a euphemism for sexual acts. Some say the word has African origins, others dispute such a notion.

Subgenres
From its beginnings in the early 20th century jazz has spawned a variety of subgenres: New Orleans Dixieland dating from the early 1910s, big band-style swing from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s, free jazz and a variety of Latin jazz fusions, such as Afro-Cuban, from the 1950s and 1960s, jazz fusion from the 1970s, acid jazz from the 1980s (which combines funk and hip-hop elements), and nu jazz in the 1990s. As the music has spread around the world it has drawn on local, national, and regional musical cultures, its aesthetics being adapted to its varied environments and giving rise to many distinctive styles.

Play Leonard Bernstein s What is Jazz

Is This Jazz?(Yes)
a. Oscar Peterson Caravan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZdKsJfZyws b.Tom Harrell Sail Away http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27V8ylNNKSo&feat ure=related C. Wynton Marsalis Autumn Leaves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xi-emWNePw . .

Is THIS jazz?(Probably not)

a. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4IRMYuE 1hI b. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGyPuey1Jw c. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGS8re8cI

Is This Jazz?(maybe maybe not)

a. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NDujMyVyA b. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svTuSRiFP oc&feature=related c. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9nG2KyE p2A

Nicholas Payton and BAM

Prodigious trumpeter from New Orleans Plays all instruments Recent recording and blogposts have stirred controversy Somehow, jazztruth became part of the controversy

Nicholas Payton- Paraphenalia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OSOPpy q6aA&feature=list_related&playnext=1&list=A VGxdCwVVULXfbf5ifR3D-qiv7RK-8YCby

From Payton s blog

Jazz died in 1959. There maybe cool individuals who say they play Jazz, but ain t s--t cool about Jazz as a whole. Jazz died when cool stopped being hip. Jazz was a limited idea to begin with. Jazz is a label that was forced upon the musicians. The musicians should ve never accepted that idea.

More from Payton s blog

Jazz separated itself from American popular music. Big mistake. The music never recovered. Ornette tried to save Jazz from itself by taking the music back to its New Orleanian roots, but his efforts were too esoteric. Jazz died in 1959, that s why Ornette tried to Free Jazz in 1960. Jazz is only cool if you don t actually play it for a living. Jazz musicians have accepted the idea that it s OK to be poor.

Excerpt from The Death Of Jazz

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3L1tzzln3 nw

More from Nick

Jazz died in 1959. The number one Jazz record is Miles Davis Kind Of Blue. Dave Brubeck s Time Out was released in 1959. 1959 was the coolest year in Jazz. Jazz is haunted by its own hungry ghosts. Let it die. You can be martyrs for an idea that died over a half a century if y all want. Jazz has proven itself to be limited, and therefore, not cool.

Excerpt from Payton s B---hes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpDehfTSuo8

Excerpts from jazztruth:

Again, I think Payton is on the money here; it's just the labeling that's at issue, not the music. I suppose some white folks, maybe some black folks, have trouble calling their music Black American Music. I don't have a problem with that. I do think that it might actually make things more confusing, since the vast majority of people in the world don't have a clear idea of what jazz is anyway, and if we were to all of a sudden replace "jazz" with "Black American Music", then someone watching an all white jazz band in the middle of Ohio, or even the middle of Denmark, might be scratching their heads.

 Obviously, there's always someone who gets sensitive when RACE enters the conversation. I also wonder whether Payton is suggesting the acronym BAM(as in , "I play BAM music"?) as an alternative. I think that's as good as calling music "jazz" or "bebop" or whatever. Words can't really describe music accurately anyway. Again, I have no problem as a musician, and especially as a teacher of history(I am not a jazz historian, by the way), recognizing that the African-American experience was crucial to the development of jazz. As long as I, a white person(see my website for photos), am still allowed to play, I don't care what it's called. (I think though, just to have perspective, if Toby Keith started calling his music "White American Music", then we might have a little problem......)

More from Nick

Don t get me wrong, there are some brilliant, genius White cats that have played this music, but it s ultimately a Black art form. What s wrong with renaming the music in a way that puts that argument to bed once and for all? Do you think I m the only person that ever wanted to do this? Hell no. Miles, Max, Mingus, J-Mac, Dr. Donaldson Byrd and so many others have wanted to do this for a while. They gave up because they got tired of the backlash from Blacks and Whites alike that it caused. Well you know what? As Roy Haynes says, The time for hesitation is over.

Is Jazz Dead?(or Has It Moved To A New Address) by Stuart Nicholson

(American musicians now) are considered clever. The question is, do they really concern us? Do we need somebody to tell the same story over and over again? Are these musicians mere custodians in a historical museum of music? The USA has slithered into musical provinciality. It produces great instrumentalists but no new approaches. One obvious result of this openness is that some European academies believe that their jazz students should also pursue parallel studies in Classical music as an aid to skills building

Jazz misconceptions
Play Paul F. Tomkins Jazz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QY_KVVFg mPM Play Spinal Tap Discusses Jazz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wscZhvj_l H4 Youtube: Ken Burns Jazz Intro (8:07)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITbu FIG4Xvc

Basic music terminology

Rhythm/harmony/melody notes-eighth notes, quarter notes, sixteenth notes Time signature-4/4, ,5/4 ,2/4 Key signature-C major, A minor Form-AABA,blues, rhythm changes,AABBAABBCCDD Dynamics

Jazz terminology
Blues Groove Changes Tune Cats Axe Bread

More Jazz Terminology

Chops Dig Paying Dues Drag Gig Hip Horn Jam Session

More Jazz Slang

Junk, junkies, strung out Licks Pad Scat Solid Swing Bad Shed Record/Sides

Typical Jazz Instruments-Drums

Acoustic Bass

Electric Bass

Guitar

Piano

Saxophones

Brass-Trumpet

Brass-Trombone

Jazz Vocals

Less Common Jazz Instruments

Clarinet/Bass Clarinet Violin Banjo Congas/bongos Flute/Alto Flute Harmonica Cello Harp

Hammond B-3 Organ

Performance
The Park Avenue Trio George Colligan-Piano Jon Lakey Bass Cordero Kingsley Drums