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Using Spring and Hibernate

Dave Elliman

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The overall architecture

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The enterprise view (Java)

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Revision - What is Dependency Injection?

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DI is all about wiring up objects or plumbing if you prefer It is about ensuring loose coupling and fits well with design patterns Design to an interface and then inject the actual class at run time This is what inheritence is really for

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A Real World Example?

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Web App

Stock Quotes

Authenticator

Error Handler

Logger

Database

This example was originally created by Jim Weirich in Ruby on his blog.
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Remember the old way

public class WebApp { public WebApp() { quotes = new StockQuotes(); authenticator = new Authenticator(); database = new Database(); logger = new Logger(); errorHandler = new ErrorHandler(); }
// More code here...

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}
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What about the child objects?

G53ELC How does the StockQuotes find the Logger? How does the Authenticator find the database? Suppose you want to use a TestingLogger instead? Or a MockDatabase?

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Service Locator Interface

G53ELC public interface ILocator { TObject Get<TObject>(); }

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Service Locator Example

public class MyLocator : ILocator { protected Dictionary<Type, object> dict = new Dictionary<Type,object>();

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public MyLocator() { dict.Add(typeof(ILogger), new Logger()); dict.Add(typeof(IErrorHandler), new ErrorHandler(this)); dict.Add(typeof(IQuotes), new StockQuotes(this)); dict.Add(typeof(IDatabase), new Database(this)); dict.Add(typeof(IAuthenticator), new Authenticator(this)); dict.Add(typeof(WebApp), new WebApp(this)); } }
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StockQuotes with Locator

G53ELC public class StockQuotes { public StockQuotes(ILocator locator) { errorHandler = locator.Get<IErrorHandler>(); logger = locator.Get<ILogger>(); } // More code here... }
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Good things
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Classes are decoupled from explicit imlementation types Easy to externalise the configuration

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Dependency Injection Containers

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Gets rid of the dependency on the ILocator Object is no longer responsible for finding its dependencies The container does it for you

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Then what?
Write your objects the way you want G53ELC Setup the container Ask the container for objects The container creates objects for you and fulfills dependencies

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Setting Up the Container (XML)

G53ELC <DIContainer> <TypeMap from=ILogger to=Logger /> <TypeMap from=IDatabase to=Database /> <TypeMap from=IErrorHandler to=ErrorHandler /> <TypeMap from=IQuotes to=StockQuotes /> <TypeMap from=IAuthenticator to=Authenticator /> </DIContainer>

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Creating Objects
G53ELC [Test] public void WebAppTest() { DIContainer container = GetContainer(); IStockQuotes quotes = container.Get<IStockQuotes>(); IAuthenticator auth = container.Get<IAuthenticator>(); Assert.IsNotNull( quotes.Logger ); Assert.IsNotNull( auth.Logger ); Assert.AreSame( quotes.Logger, auth.Logger ); }
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Existing Frameworks
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Java

Pico Container Spring Framework HiveMind

Python

PyContainer

.NET Ruby

Rico Copland

Pico.NET Spring.NET p&p Object Builder

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Spring with Persistence Layers

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Spring can act as the Application

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A persistent POJO for Hibernate

package elc; public class Tutor { private String id; /// unique identifier private String surname; private String firstname; private Tutor(); /// default constructor public Tutor(String id, String surname, String firstname) { this.id = id; this.surname = surname; this.firstname = firstname); } public String getId() {return id; } public String getSurname() {return surname; } public String getFirstname() {return firstname; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public void setSurname(String surname) { this.surname = surname; } public void setLogin(String firstname) { this.firstname = firstname; } }

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The Hibernate Session

import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; ... some code Session = getSessionFactory().openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Tutor dave=new Tutor("dge","Elliman","Dave"); session.save(dave); tx.commit(); session.close(); ... more code
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Tutor.hbm.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="elc.Tutor" table="tutor"> <id name="id" type="String" column="ID" > <generator class="assigned"/> </id> <property name="firstName"> <column name="FIRSTNAME" /> </property> <property name="surname"> <column name="SURNAME"/> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
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hibernate.cfg.xml
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernatetutorial</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property> <property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">10</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- Mapping files --> <mapping resource="tutor.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

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Using Hibernate with Spring

One simply creates a Hibernate Session Factory bean in G53ELC Spring: <bean id=sessionFactory class=org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessio nFactoryBean> <property name=configurationClass value= org.bibernate.cfg.Annotation.Configuration /> <property name=configLocation value=classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml /> </bean>

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An Intereface and a class to define

G53ELC public interface TutorDao { public void createTutor(final Tutor tutor); public Tutor getTutor(final String id); }

Also saveTutor(); deleteTutor() etc. CRUD is now done with single lines of code. No SQL needed
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Do you get the CONCEPTS?

G53ELC You can look up the detail when you need it ELC exam will test the concepts and not the detail of xml configuration files of Java code You need to know that a configuration file is needed and what it does, not the fine detail of its formatting

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Any Questions?
G53ELC Im confused

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G53ELC

JEE and EJBs

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POJOs and POJIs

Plain Old Java Objects and Interfaces G53ELC In the past EJBs were all rather different and special and you could not test them outside a container Now they are POJ you can

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Annotations
G53ELC There has been a revolution in Server-side Java and Tiger Jane 1.5: EJB

annotations These are processed by a new tool called apt

You can write your own if you like

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Writing EJBs was rather stereotyped

G53ELC An ideal situation for annotations. No longer need to write a Home interface No longer need an XML deployment descriptor (deploytool)

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The Concept
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Entity bean
corresponds to a set of records in a database

Session bean
handles business flow (one per client unless stateless, when may be shared)

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Enterprise JavaBeans
Definition from OReillys Enterprise JavaBeans book

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An Enterprise Java Bean is a standard serverside component model

Aha! Its a standard for building MIDDLEWARE In multi-tiered solutions

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The Context in Which EJBs Are Used

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EJB server EJB Home EJB Object EJB container EJBean

client

security

JNDI

JTS

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It All Works by RMI

G53ELC Client-Side invokes Client Stub Network connect to remote object Middle Tier

return results

return results

Skeleton invoke ServerSide Compo nent return results

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A Taxonomy of EJBs
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EJB
Entity Session

Bean managed

Container managed

stateless

stateful

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Differences Between Beans

Session Beans Interact with clients Model business Logic Short-lived
Session Bean
Enterprise JavaBeans Container

G53ELC Entity Beans Represent persistent data Long-lived

Entity Bean

Clients

RDBMS

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Session Bean (Stateful)

G53ELC Assigned to 1 client only Keeps info about a client ie has attributes for clients state Assigned to a client for lifetime Non-persistent Short-lived (client, timeout, server crash)

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Session Bean (Stateless)

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Many clients can access it Implements business logic One bean can service multiple clients (fast and efficient) Lifetime controlled by container No state across methods Each instance identical upon creation Short-lived
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Insight Into Session Beans

Clients Using only Entity Beans G53ELC Client Using stateless Session Beans

EJB Server
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Entity EJBs
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Bean managed persistence (BMP)

developer writes JDBC code and SQL statements Container generates methods to read and write to the database dropped! Takes necessary information from the Deployment Descriptor

Container managed persistence (CMP)

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EJB Architecture Diagram

G53ELC Client Home Interface Home Stub Remote Interface EJB Stub EJB Server EJB Container Home Interface EJB Home Remote Interface EJB Object Bean Class

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A Stateless Session Bean

import javax.ejb.*; /** * A stateless session bean requesting that a * remote busines interface be generated for it. */ @Stateless @Remote public class HelloWorldBean { public String sayHello() { return "Hello World!!!"; } }

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A Stateful Session Bean

import javax.ejb.*; @Stateful public class ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart { private String customer; public void startToShop(String customer) { this.customer = customer; } public void addToCart(Item item) { System.out.println("Added item to cart... "); } @Remove public void finishShopping() { System.out.println("Shopping Done... "); } }

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A Entity Java Bean

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import javax.ejb.*; @Entity public class Order { private Long id; private int version; private int itemId; private int quantity; private Customer cust; @Id(generate=AUTO) public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } @Version protected int getVersion() { return version; } protected void setVersion(int version) { this.version = version; } @Basic public int getItemId() { return itemId; } public void setItemId(int itemId) { this.itemId = itemId; } @Basic public int getQuantity() { return quantity; } public void setQuantity(int quantity) { this.quantity = quantity; } @ManyToOne public Customer getCustomer() { return cust; } public setCustomer(Customer cust) { this.cust = cust; } }

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SQL and Entity beans

G53ELC Queries can be defined through the @NamedQuery annotation @NamedQuery ( name="findACustomers", queryString="SELECT c FROM Customer c WHERE c.name LIKE :custName" )

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End of detour into Java!

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