Indian Electricity Distribution System

By,

Siddharth Bose Diana Parida Rajpriya Sarkar R.Priyadarshini M. Sireesha J.Manichandana

Current Scenario

India is the 5 th largest energy consumer.

Thermal plants produce the majority chunk of energy i.e. 66.34%.

The annual production of energy is 837 billion kWh.

The country's energy demand grows at an average of 3.6% per annum The total installed capacity as on June this year is 176990.4 MW.

Demand Supply imbalance

Per year the demand outstrips supply by 7%-11%

The losses due to transmission and distribution ranges up to 30% to 45%

Theft of electricity amounts to 1.5% of Indias GDP.

Despite an ambitious electrification program, 400 million Indians suffer from blackouts. 35.5% of Indians live without electrification.

Governments measures

Plans to install generation capacity of 78000 MW by 2012.

Unveiling of $19 billion plan to produce 20000 MW of solar power.

Constructions of various nuclear reactors to generate 30000 MW.

Private sector players such as Reliance, Adani and Lanco have planned an addition of more than 70 GW.

Alternative Sources

Hydro Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy Biomass Energy Geothermal and Tidal Energy

Hydro energy

India, a pioneering country Darjeeling and Shimsha, first power plants established in Asia.
Currently contributes 37367.4 MW, 21% of total electricity generation. Ranked 5 th in terms of available hydro potential on a global scenario. Endowed with exploitable hydro potential of around 84000 MW at 60% load factor. Small, Mini and Micro hydro schemes can generate additionally 6780 MW.

Projects
Sta te W ise Numbe rs And Aggre ga te Ca pa city Of Shp Proje cts Imple me nta tion (AS ON 31.3.2009) Sl. No. Sta te Proje cts Insta lle d Nos. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Tota l Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh J&K Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand W est Bengal A&N Islands 59 81 4 12 5 1 2 5 79 32 6 83 19 10 29 8 4 18 10 8 29 10 16 15 3 9 93 23 1 674 Ca pa city (MW ) 180.83 61.32 27.1 54.6 18.05 0.05 7 62.7 230.915 111.83 4.05 563.45 133.87 71.16 211.325 5.45 31.03 24.47 28.67 44.3 123.9 23.85 47.11 90.05 16.01 25.1 127.92 98.4 5.25 2429.77 (Upto 25 Mw ) Insta lle d & Unde r

Proje cts unde r Imple me nta tion Nos. 12 43 4 4 1 2 1 9 5 8 14 2 4 5 3 3 1 4 6 2 2 4 33 16 188 Ca pa city (MW ) 21.5 25.94 15 3.4 1 5.6 6 26.75 5.91 34.85 85.25 3.2 19.9 31.2 2.75 1.7 8.5 4.2 23.93 18.75 5.2 13 40.35 79.25 483.23

Continued.

CERC regulates the tariff of 6 central sector hydro generation companiesNHPC, NHDC, NEEPCO, SJVNL, THDC and DVC Estimate SHP of 15000 MW

Solar Energy

India receives the highest global solar radiation on a horizontal surface. Average intensity of solar radiation received on India is 200 MW/km square (megawatt per kilometer square). With a geographical area of 3.287 million km square, this amounts to 657.4 million MW. 10% of the available area(0.413 million km 2 ) would be 8 million MW, equivalent to 5909 million ton oil equivalent per year.

Contd.

Desert areas have maximum generation capacity of solar energy. Solar thermal power plant costs 4 times as much as a coal based thermal power plant. Indian Solar Loan Program, backed by UN Environment program has won Energy Globe award.

Wind Energy

Development of Wind energy in India began in 1990s by Tamil Nadu govt. India 5 th largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As on June the installed capacity is 12000 MW contributed mainly by states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka etc. An estimated 6000 MW of wind generated energy to be added by 2012.

Biomass Energy

Bagasse, Forestry and Agro residue/industrial wastes are burnt to produce steam to generate electricity.
Most underutilized form of energy generation. Unlike popular belief use of biomass doesnt contribute to a build up of CO 2 .

India an agriculture based country, has tremendous capacity to generate 23881 MW (agro residues and plantations).

Geothermal and Tidal Energy

Geothermal Energy is the natural heat available inside earth. Can be generated by drilling water or steam wells similar to drilling of oil.

India has a reasonably good potential to generate 10600 MW.

The high energy of sea tides used to turn turbines can generate Tidal Energy India has a potential to generate 8000-9000 MW contributed mainly by the Gulf of Cambay.

Regulations issued in the year 2009- 10

Regulations for grant connectivity, long tern access and medium term open access in interstate transmission Regulation to Measures to relieve congestion in real time operation Regulation for Fixation of Trading margins

Regulations on terms and conditions for tariff determination for renewable energy sources

Power market Regulation Amendment on open access in Interstate transmission regulations

Regulations on Fees and charges of Regional load dispatch centre and other related matters

Thank you