ICT for Education

An Overview

Prepared by Wadi D. Haddad

Overview
ICTs in Education Dilemmas and Realities Role and Nature of ICTs in Education Potential of ICTs From Potential to Effectiveness

Dilemmas

Realities

Analyze Educational objectives

Determine Objective for ICT

Decision Maker

Vendors Monolithic Understand Potential of ICTs Belief Examine suitability of ICTs Parents Automatic Doubt Plan program of investment Business Computers Wait Implement prerequisites Techies and Substitute corequisites
Evaluate and adjust continuously

Myths

Necessity of ICTs
Effective Learning
Globalization of Economy Information Tech Innovations Knowledge-based Economy Society Escalating Demand for Education

For All

Anytime

Anywhere

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective
Text Audio

Technology
Video Computer Internet

Storage or display Exploration Application Analysis Evaluation Constructing or design of project

x x x

x x

x x

x x x x

x x x x x x

x x

x x

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Text Presentation Demonstration Drill and practice x x x Audio x x (e.g., Language lab) Technology Video x x Computer x x x Internet x x x

Animation and simulation Research Collaboration/ communication Management of student learning x x x x

x x networked x

x x x x

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Printed matter Slides, transparencies Scanners Digital notepads and white boards Audiotapes Films and videos Digital books CDs Computer projection Radio TV broadcasts Web pages Web: Internet, intranet Webcast Technologies at a Distance Correspondence

Access Community Linkages Efficiency

Planning & Management

Potential
Of

ICTs

Learning

Lifelong Learning Skill Formation

Teaching

Potential: 1. Expanding Educational Opportunities Radio Broadcast Interactive Radio Instruction Television Virtual Schools Virtual Universities

Potential: 2. Increasing Efficiency Issues

Dual Shift Systems Multigrade Schools Small Urban or Rural Schools Flexibility in Learning Schedule

Solutions
Broadcast Radio Interactive Radio Educational TV Virtual Online Courses

Potential: 3. Enhancing Quality of Learning

Potential
Motivate and engage learners Bring life to concepts and processes Foster inquiry Provide flexibility Allow application of information Provide access to world of information Bring the world into the classroom Offer collaborative opportunities and communication Offer tutored and individualized learning

Solutions
Radio and TV Multimedia Learning Modules Virtual Labs Connecting to the Worlds Designing and Creating Things

Potential: 4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching

Issues Difficult Profession No One-Shot Training Continuum
Initial Training Lifelong Upgrading Connecting

Solutions Multimedia Training and Support System Training Videos Teacher Development Portal Internet Resources for Teachers

Potential: 5. Facilitating Skill Formation

New Workplace Realities E-Training Just-in-Time Convenient Place Up-to-Pate User-centric Solutions Simulations Competency-based multi-media Video and Interactive media Workplace Training

Potential: 6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning

Issues
Workers need to learn new skills Modern societies demand constant updating The educated can become obsolete Life-cycle pattern is changing

Solutions
Radio and TV Multimedia Packages Online Courses Open Universities Third Age Universities

Potential: 7. Improving Policy Planning & Management

Management of Institutions and Systems
School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff development, facilities System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS, communication, information, . . .

Management of Policy Making

Storage and analysis of data Construction and assessment of policy scenarios Tracer studies and tracking systems

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Growth in ICT Access
Millions
1400 1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Main telephone lines (millions)

Mobile cellular subscribers (millions)

Personal computers (millions)

Internet users (millions)

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140 120

100

Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants

80

PCs/100 inhabitants

60

40

20

0 Africa America w/o US & Canada US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000

5000

4000

Internet Hosts/10,000 inhabitants Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

3000

2000

1000

0 Africa America w/o US & Canada US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

ICT access varies within countries Disparities is magnified by gender factor ICT access contributes to escape from poverty ICT access for all requires attention to Infrastructure Cost Laws and regulations

Radio Stations and Receivers

Suitcase Radio Station Crank/Solar Radio Crank Radio

Digital Satellite Radio

Telecenters

Women-Friendly Telecenters

Within accepted culture; fosters harmony Women do not have to travel far Center meets needs of men and women No childcare problem Space is roomy and provides privacy Staff is well integrated

Potential
Prerequisites Corequisites

Effectiveness

From Potential to Effectiveness

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Educational Policy Approach to ICTs Infrastructure ICT-Enhanced Content Committed and Trained Personnel Financial Resources Integration Piloting and Evaluation

Conclusion
XTo Tech or not to Tech Education ICT Education More Effective and Responsive

ICTs

We do not think anymore of the spectacle of printing every time we read a book, the phenomenon of TV every time we watch a movie, or the miracle of the telephone every time we make a call. The ultimate success of ICTs for learning will be attained when we stop marveling about the ICTs and apply our minds and emotions to the wonders of learning.

The End

Levels of ICTs for Different Learning Objectives and Roles of Learners

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or design of Project
Evaluation
Levels of ICTs

Analysis

Application
Exploration Storage or display Passive ACTIVE

LEARNERS ROLE

Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and Roles of Teachers

TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Management of Student Learning Collaboration/Co mmunication Research Animation/ Simulation Drill & Practice Demonstration Presentation
Levels of ICTs

Provider

Facilitator

TEACHERS ROLE

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Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator Solar Energy

Pedal Power Generator

Namibia Schoolnet

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5. Costing and Budgeting

Total Cost of Ownership
Acquisition - hardware and software Installation and configuration Connectivity Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment Supplies: 8-10% Utilities: 4-8% Computer training 5-10% Retrofitting of physical facilities replacement costs (5-7 years)

Additional Costs

31-48%

Acquisition and creation of content materials Orientation and training of staff Testing, evaluation and adjustment

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