Traffic signal control using fuzzy-logic

Submitted byAnkit Agrawal Amit Kumar Harshal Arora Harpreet Anand Neha Verma Bhombe

Guided byProf. D. L.

INTRODUCTION
Traffic congestion causes significant decrease in both traffic throughput and travel speed. The conventional stop and go driving regime causes increase in accidents frequency, increase in consumption, air pollution. Our project is based on an attempt to explore a new method to improve the flow of traffic control using fuzzy logic.

Why fuzzy logic in traffic control?

Traffic signaling at a given intersection is not truly adaptive because the settings can only be altered manually or by traffic control center. One of the desirable features of traffic controllers is to dynamically effect the change of signal phase durations without looking up pre-compiled information.

Fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logic is technology that translates natural language description of design policies into an algorithm using mathematical model. This mathematical model implements the flexibility of human logicabstraction and thinking in analogies in engineering solutions.

It consist of 3 major sections

Fuzzification fuzzification means using the

membership functions of linguistic variables to compute each terms degree of validity at a specific operation point of process. Fuzzy logic interference using IF-THEN rules- All numerical values have to be converted into linguistic values. Production rules consist of a condition (IF-part) and a conclusion (THEN-part). IF-part can consist of more than one precondition link together by linguistic conjunctions like AND & OR. Each rule is assigned a degree of support in the interval [0,1] representing individual importance of the rule.

Contd..

Defuzzification - Membership function are used to retranslate the fuzzy output into crisp value. This re-translating is known as defuzzification. First a typical value is computed for each term in the linguistic variable and finally a best compromise is determined by balancing out the results using different methods.

System designing methodology

Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)

In order to accommodate turning traffic at a single cross junction, a complete control cycle should consist of a minimumof four phases, as shown in Fig. 1, allowing traffic from the four phases (i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4) to pass through the junction in turn.

The following assumptions are made in this junction setup.

All vehicles are right-hand driven, hence left-turning traffic does not block the traffic of the opposite direction. The interdependencies of the flow rates among the traffic streams are assumed to be minor and, hence, not accounted for in this study. Vehicle arrivals are stochastic in nature with uniform distribution and the mean equal to the flow rate. Saturation flow for each arm at the junction is d vehicles per second.

Each phase has a minimum of 10 s of effective green time. The order of the traffic phases within a cycle is well defined and fixed. The number of vehicles that the junction can hold at its arms is not bounded in this study. The traffic at one arm is collectively regarded as one stream or lane, and the discharge rate of vehicles is the same as the saturation flow.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the FLC is to determine the effective green times for each phase, in such a way that the total delay at the junction is minimized. To gain the dynamic traffic data for the controller, vehicle detectors must be installed at the junction. The current queue length and flow rate in each traffic stream are the most important information to the controller.

. To count the number of vehicles entering the junction for flow rate prediction, a vehicle detector must be installed at a distance from the junction on each arm.

It is therefore possible to establish the queue length and the flow rate of each traffic phase. Figure shows the junction setup with vehicle-detector locations. Miscounting a long truck as two vehicles may happen, but the length of a truck is similar to that of two vehicles. Hence, the impact on the actual length of the queue is not significant.

Display Traffic Unit

Transportatio n system Drivers, vehicles street

Measurement unitsVehicle detectors

Control system