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SLAB
What is Slab???
A flat piece of concrete, typically used as a walking surface, but may also serve as a load bearing device as in slab homes.
FUNCTION
Provide a flat surface To support load Sound, heat and fire insulator Act as a divider (privacy) for the occupants Upper slab became the ceiling for the storey below Space between slab and ceiling can be used to place building facilities
Classification of Slab
UPPER FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
SOLID FLOOR
Classification of Slab
UPPER FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
SOLID FLOOR
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Among the design function that need to be taken in consideration for construction of ground floor slab is The provision of a uniform, level surface Sufficient strength and stability Exclusion of dampness from inside of building Thermal insulation (max.0.45 W/square metreK Resistance to fire
Solid Floor
7) Prepare lean concrete (50 75mm) in order to ensure the reinforcement didnt touch the ground. 8) Place Reinforcement Bar to increase strength 9) Pour concrete (1:2:4) with thickness of (150mm) and level it. 10)Place concrete of (25-50mm ) thickness . (rendering process)
BEFORE
AFTER
Topsoil Is Stripped
Pouring concrete
Screeding is the process removes excess concrete and brings the top surface of the concrete to proper grade.
Suspended floors / slab is fixed some distance above the ground. There are 2 types of suspended ground floor such as a) Suspended timber ground floors b) Suspended precast concrete floors
Space beneath the suspended timber floor is ideal for running electric cables, water pipes and gas pipes Its more expensive form of construction than concrete floor Cheaper than precast concrete flooring system
UPPER FLOOR
long spans available with precast concrete flooring systems reduce the number of secondary beam required and maximize the column free space. Fire resistance ratings normally between 1 & 2 hours Among the things that need to be considered before considering any system of precast concrete flooring are: a) maximum span f) Sound insulation b) nature of support g) Thermal insulation properties c) weight of units h) Fire resistance of units d) thickness of units i) Speed of construction e) Amount of temporary support required
There are many types of precast concrete floor such as : a) Precast Hollow Floors b) Composite floors Precast hollow floor units are available in a variety of sections such as box planks / beams, tee section, I beam sections and channel sections. Composite floors are combination of precast units and insitu concrete.
Composite Floors
Composite Floors
combination of precast units and in situ concrete. precast units that are usually prestressed / reinforced with high yield bars are used to provide the strength of the floor with the smallest depth practicable At the same time, act as permanent formwork to the in-situ topping that provides the compressive strength required.
Composite floors will act in the same manner as in-situ floor so it can be designed for more complex loadings
Least labor costs Can be applied for short to medium spans with light loadings Also reduce building weight and effective area of wind loads
FLAT SLAB
FLAT SLAB
Reduce slab displacement Increased slab shear resistance This system provide relatively a flat ceilings (reduce finishing cost) Low storey heights due to shallow floor Medium span with light loading Spans 20 to 40 ft Live load > 100psf (garage, warehouses)
WAFFLE SLAB
WAFFLE SLAB
Used as alternative to an in-site flat slab or a beam and slab suspended floor This is because it requires less concrete, less reinforcement and can be used to reduce the number of beams and columns required with the resultant savings on foundations. Moulds are very strong, lightweight & capable of supporting all the normal loads encountered in building works.
Spans >30 ft Use prefabricated standard forms special moulds are placed at certain distance skilled workers are needed & need less steel
SLAB DESIGN
One Way Slab Two Way Slab - Require less steel - Few two slabs built in the area of high labor costs - Suitable for minimizing deflections
BEAM
Cold Floor