New products and technologies can be produced for the world market place, which can faster economic

progress without environmental destruction. Al Galore Economic progress and environmental protection are not conflicting propositions Michael porter

According to these views, changed manufacturing systems or redesigned manufacturing process can lead to eco friendly business. Successful business houses can redesign the products and adopt newer technologies to achieve the goals of less resource depletion and less wastages.

Environmental aspects. Avoid un recoverable impact on environment Reduce environment burden in all stages of product life cycle

Social aspects. To be truly useful product for the customers Ensure product safety

Acceptable product price for the consumer reflecting product performance.

Usefulness and value to society Creativity and originality Effective and cost performance Thorough market and consumer research Comprehensive features of retailers

A wide variety of techniques are available for eco-friendly design of products. These techniques fall in to two categories: Life cycle assessment Improvement in environmental performance

Life cycle assessment is an objective process which is used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product, process or activity. It includes the entire life of the product, process or activity, including acquisition and processing of raw materials, manufacture, transportation and distribution, use/reuse/maintenance, recycling and final disposal.

Life cycle analysis Life cycle improvement analysis Life cycle inventory

Design for recycling Design for reassembly Design for energy efficiency Design for manufacture Hazardous material minimization

Eco-design or design for environmental refers to the systematic incorporation of environmental factors at the stage. The strategies for eco-design have the following aims and objectives To reduce/eliminate the use and wastage of toxic materials throughout the life cycle of the product To reduce/eliminate the use and waste of flammable or explosive To reduce/eliminate the need for storage and discharge hazardous materials To minimize the consumption of energy

To reduce/eliminate the use and waste of chemical linked smog formation To reduce/eliminate the use and waste of toxics To reduce/eliminate toxic emissions from products and systems To reduce/eliminate solid waste generation

Dematerialization Integration Extending the life of the product Extension of material life Material selection Products should be made less material intensive Product design dimension Material substitution Energy efficiency

Alternative production process should be chosen with fewer production steps, lower production energy consumption and with minimum environmental impact Raw materials should be changed to less toxic chemicals and material efficiency should be improved Preventing pollution in process chemistry the choice of reaction route, catalyst technology, the choice of reagents and the choice solvents.

Optimum reactor design Process integration is another aspect which is an act of integrating the various chemical reactors, physical separations and heating/cooling operations that constitute the manufacturing process The concept of the system thinking should be adopted to make the production eco-friendly. Another aspect of process-environment relationship is the closed loop manufacturing