7-Passive Voice & Causative Form

Passive Voice & Causative Forms
Pack VII
Use (Kullanm)
1.
e.g.
Eylemi gerekletiren kii (agent) akca metinden anlalyorsa

He has been sentenced to 20 years in jail. (The judge sentenced him.)
2. Cmlenin znesi people, he, she, they, one, somebody, vb. ise. e.g.They think hes extremely rich. It is thought that hes extremely rich He is thought to be wealthy.
3. Eylemi gerekletirenden ok eylemin bizzat kendisi ile ilgileniyorsak e.g. The new bridge will be opened next Thursday. (by the mayor).
4- Nezaketen eylemi gerekletiren kiiyi sylemek istemediimizde (Youve broken the vase. Demenin yerine)
e.g. The vase on the dining table has been broken. (Denir)
Exercise:
Aadaki cmlelerin neden Passive yapldn belirtiniz.
1 1 ______ The murderer were sentenced to five-year detention. 4 2 ______ You see, my orders have been underestimated in this office. 3 3 ______ Two Monnets were stolen from the British Museum last year.
4 ______ The herbs are picked up from the forest. Then, they are processed in the plant.
1 5 ______ Ronaldo was dismissed from the national match last night.
2 6 ______ Many speculations are made about the private lives of the people in the high society. 3 7 ______ Some kinds of aromas are added to canned juices before they are bottled. 4 8 ______
Why are your tasks overlooked?
3 9 ______ The construction in the villa had been completed by the time the residents moved in.
10______ The rangers found that two black bears were killed.
Important notes on the passive voice 1. Passive formunda make, hear, see, help ardna to + infinitive alr.
e.g. They made me overwork. I was made to overwork.
2. let in passive formu yoktur; bunun yerine be allowed to kullanlr. znesi ve nesnesi ayn ise reflexive pronoun ile birlikte bare infinitive kullanlr. e.g. People didnt let me go in. I wasnt allowed to go in. Dont let them tease you. Dont let yourself be teased.
3. Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, report, say, think, understand, vb. iki ekilde passive yaplr.
a) e.g. it + passive + that clause They think she is a liar. It is thought that she is a liar. b) e.g. subject + passive + to infinitive They think she is a liar. She is thought to be a liar.
4. allow, ask, give, lend, send, gibi birtakm fiiller ardna iki nesne alr.
e.g. He showed me the way to the door. I was shown the way to the door. The way to the door was shown to me.
5.
Passive voice by veya with.
By + agent
e.g.
Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel. e.g. Mike was killed with a knife. Irish coffee is made with whisky.
The stadium was crowded with thousands of spectators.
with
instrument
material past participles
(such as filled, packed, etc.)
6. Ardna preposition alan fiiler passive halde de preposition ardna alr. e.g. His colleagues accused the accountant of theft. The accountant was accused of theft.
7. Hareket bildiren edatlarla kullanlan fiiller (Prepositional Verbs of movement) benzer anlama sahip baka bir fiille passive yaplr. e.g.
Columbus reached/arrived in America in 1492. America was reached (NOT arrived in) by Columbus in 1492. The royal couple entered/went into the room arm in arm. The room was entered (NOT gone into) by the royal couple arm in arm.
8. Modal fiil + active infinitive

They cant repair the bombed building.
Modal fiil + passive infinitive

The bombed building cant be repaired.
9- Passive bir tmcede to benin tense uygun hali ve asl fiilin past participle hali birlikte bulunur.
The roads are washed almost everyday.
10- Active fiilin dorudan nesnesi passive fiilin znesi haline getirilir.
My mother cooks the meal.
The meal is cooked by mother.
11- Active fiilin znesi passive fiilde agent halini alr ve by ile birlikte tarafndan yapld anlamn vermek amacyla istenirse kullanlr.
The mayor unveil the statue tomorrow. The statue will be unveiled by the mayor tomorrow.
12- Yalnzca ardna isim alan transitive verbs passive yaplabilir.
My father was brought up in the suburb. His parents grew up in a small village.
13. Gnlk dildeki birtakm ifadelerde be yerine get kullanlabilir.

e.g.
Tom will get (=be) sacked if he keeps being late for the next meeting.
14. have + object + past participle kullanm eylemin kaza veya ansszlk sonucu olduunu vermek amacyla passive yerine kullanlabilir. e.g. My father had his arm broken. (=His arm was broken.)
15.
by+agent aadaki durumlarda karlr.
a) a pronoun b) one, someone, people c) akca anlalyorsa. e.g. Someone destroyed the evidence. The evidence was destroyed.
Yapsal zellikleri
Structure Simple Present
Simple Past
Active Voice She makes the cake.

She made the cake.
Passive Voice The cake is made. The cake was made.
Structure Present Continuous

Past Continuous
Active Voice She is making cake.

She was making the cake.
Passive Voice The cake is being made.

The cake was being made.
Structure
Active Voice
Passive Voice
The cake has been made. The cake had been made.
Present Perfect She has made the cake. Past Perfect She had made the cake.
Structure
Future
Active Voice
Passive Voice
She will make The cake will be the cake. made.
Future Perfect
She will have made the cake.
The cake will have been made.
Structure
Conditional Conditional Perfect
Active Voice
She would make the cake. She would have made the cake.
Passive Voice
The cake would be made. The cake would have been made.
Structure
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Present Infinitive Perfect Infinitive
She ought to make the cake. She ought to have made the cake.
The cake ought to be made. The cake ought to have been made.
Structure
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Gerund
He likes people asking him to sing.
He likes being asked to sing.
Perfect Gerund
He never forgets He never forgets having been his boss having reprimanded him. reprimanded by his boss.
A. 1.
Turn the following sentences from active into passive or vice versa. The company will have finished renovating the flat by the time my parents get back from holiday.
Renovating the flat will have been finished by the time my parents get back from holiday.
2. 3.
Which car did they sell? Which car was sold? The firm is going to increase the salaries. The salaries are going to be increased.
4.
While she was moving into her new flat, she damaged the sofa. While she was moving into her new flat, the sofa was damaged.
5.
He is known to have discovered the penicillin. The penicilin is known to have been discovered (by him).
6.
Dont let people tease you. Dont let yourself be teased.
7.
Will he be made to obey the new regulations at the office?
Will they make him obey the new regulations?

8. When I was at high school, I wasnt allowed to go out at nights.
When I was at high school, they didnt let me go out at nights. 9. He ought to have given away all the information he had been sent.
He ought to have given away all the information they had sent to him.
10.
She loves being followed by her admirers everywhere.
She loves her admirers following her.

11. They know he has left the office.
He is known to have left the office.

12. He had his flat burgled.
His flat was burgled.
13.
Dont let her make fun of you.
Dont let yourself be made fun of.

14. Who assassinated President John F. Kennedy?
Who was President JFK assassinated by?
STATIVE PASSIVE The Meaning of Stative Passive

ngilizcede bir sfat olarak kullanlan stative szc durum bildiren anlamna gelir. Edilgen yap, yani BE + VERB (Past Participle Form). Past Participle Formun sfat olarak grev yapt durumlarda cmlede ele alnan konuya ilikin zelliklerin anlatlmasnda kullanlabilir. rnein,
There can not be anyone in the flat. Look, all the lights are turned off. (Dairede byk ihtimalle kimse yok. Baksana, klar kapal.)
At home, the lights are turned off by my father before we go to bed.

(Evde klar yatmadan nce babam tarafndan kapatlr.)
Bir durum cmlesi olan birinci cmlede are cmlenin yklemidir ve turned off klarn durumunu bildiren bir sfattr. Yani, turned off klarn u anki durumunu aklamaktadr. Bu durum daha nceden yaplan eylemin sonucunda ortaya kmtr.
Someone turned off the lights. (Birisi klar kapatm.) Now they are turned off. (imdi klar kapal.)
Ancak, bir eylem cmlesi olan ikinci cmlede are turned off cmlenin yklemidir ve edilgen yapda kurulmutur. Yapsal olarak stative passive ve edilgen yap ayn formun kullanlmasyla elde edilmektedir. Ancak stative passive durum bildirirken edilgen yap eylem birdirmektedir. Stative passive durum bildirdii iin, yani yaplmakta olan bir eylem sz konusu olmad iin, eylemi yapan kiiyi belirtmek iin kullanlan by-phrase stative passive yaplarda kullanlmaz.
Ayrca, bu iki formun doru yorumlanmas, bu formlarn getii cmlelerde duruma m yoksa eyleme mi vurgu yapldnn anlalmasna baldr. rnekler:
The Brooks have bought a Mercedes at a low price because it is damaged on the rear. However, they like it simply because it is silver. I cant open the door. It is stuck.
DEYMSEL KULLANIM
rneklerde verilen kayp olmak anlamndaki be lost burada yok anlamna gelen be gone ve bitirmek anlamndaki be finished with ve be done with yaplar etken yapdan tretilmi yaplar deildir. Deyimlemilerdir ve bu formda kullanlrlar.
We cant find our way out and you dont know which way we should go, do you? Its certain that we are lost! (.. kaybolduk) I cant find my linguistics books. They are gone! After Im finished with the ironing, we can go for a walk. (.. burada yoklar) We have sold all the newly-exported clothes. They are sold out. (tkendi) Mark (On the phone): Sorry honey, Ill be late because the road is blocked. (kapal) I cant wear my blue dress to the party. Its torn. (...yrtk)
Stative passive yapsnda kullanlan sfatlar isimlerle ilikilendirilirken bir preposition ile birlikte kullanlrlar. rnein, bir eyle ilgilenmek anlamna gelen interested sfat in ile birlikte kullanlr. Benzer ekilde, be equipped with ve be worried about da ayn haldedir.
My aunt is known as an accomplished novelist. She has been interested in writing detective stories for more than ten years. The room was equipped with the state-of-the-art technology.
Everybody is worried about the future economic situation in the country.
COMMON STATIVE VERBS USED WITH PREPOSITIONS

BE absorbed in Many students will be absorbed in the term project towards the end of the term.
BE
accustomed to
Fortunately, I was accustomed to long journeys, so I didnt get bored during the voyage to Bombay
BE
acquainted with
I cant recognize that man. Are you acquainted with him ?
BE
addicted to Unfortunately, some teenagers are addicted to alcohol or even drugs.
BE amazed at Everyone was amazed at her astonished at excellent stage performance last night.
annoyed at / about someone

BE annoyed with something
His father was annoyed at George because he had left the computer turned on before he went to bed last night.
Since the boss is annoyed with last-minute notices, you had better tell him that you wont be here next week in advance.
BE
ashamed of
Look what youve done. You should be ashamed of yourself!
BE
associated with
In terms of meaning it denotes, the word modal is closely associated with mood
BE
based on
The theory of evolution is based on the argument about natural selection.
BE
blessed with Mozart was blessed with such a musical talent that he composed his first symphony at the age of six.
BE
bored with / of
Im bored with writing exercises. Lets go out and get some fresh air.
BE
committed to Brad is a man of philanthropy. He is committed to helping the needy.
BE
composed of The main board of a computer is composed of a number of processing agents.
BE
concerned The local practitioner of twelve years about standing was concerned about the increased incidence of myelomas (a type of bone marrow cancer) in his area.
BE
confused about
Due to the complex structures used in the text, I was really confused about the meaning the writer intended to communicate.
BE
connected to / with
The way we see the other is connected to the way we see ourselves.
BE convinced of The members of the jury werent convinced of the testimony that the accused had given.
BE coordinated with She was electronically coordinated with more than 100 computer users online for computerized warfare.
BE covered with / in
You know children; they are usually covered with mud after they play in the garden.
BE
crowded with The road was crowded with the people who were curious about the accident.
BE
dedicated to
Their book titled The Ultimate Guide to KPDS is dedicated to the authors parents.
BE
defined as
Serendipity is defined as pleasant coincidences.
BE
delighted with / at Six months ago I acquired a Rottie and can honestly say I am absolutely delighted with my dog.
BE
derived from
The verb communicate is derived from the Latin word communicare.
BE disgusted at / with
In those days I was thoroughly disgusted with these fat cats eating whatever they found in the garbage.
BE
devoted to
Sarah is a doctor and she is devoted to her career as an academician.
disappointed in someone BE
I was disappointed in her because of the quality of the photographs and graphs as I had expected her to produce a better work.
disappointed with Im disappointed with the something decision and I shall be asking for a detailed explanation of the management committees decision.
BE discriminated She claimed that she had been against discriminated against on the grounds of sex, contrary to the Sex Discrimination Act 1975.
BE
divided into / from
The big hall is now divided into two different sections, each of which is used as a separate office.
BE divorced from
The natural sciences cannot be divorced from one another as all of them are connected to each other in one way or the other.
BE
done with Im done with typing the reports. Lets leave now.
BE
dressed in Since Jennifer Lopez is dressed in transparent clothes in her latest clip, the clip is harshly criticized by some conservatives.
BE
engaged to Jessica is engaged to an Irish man (nianl)

engaged in He has been engaged in banking for years.
BE equipped with Because they are equipped with the highest level of proficiency in English, they face no difficulty in preparing exercises.
BE
excited about / for The little girl was very excited about going to the zoo.
BE
exhausted from
He was at the end of his twenties, exhausted from a tormented marriage and addicted to opium.
BE
exposed to If your garden is exposed to wind all the time, you must build something around it for protection.
BE
filled with After the explosion, everywhere in the building was filled with dirt and smoke.
BE
finished with She was utterly hopeless: she was finished with planning, with striving, with looking forward. She wanted everything to let go.
BE
frightened of
This was a chance, but I was frightened of taking it, frightened of exposing myself and failing.
BE
furnished with
The hotel itself is very comfortably furnished with a large airy lounge and bar and a good, reasonably priced restaurant.
BE
impressed with The Chairman of the company told him he was most impressed with the contribution hes made to the business, and that he could go right to the top if he keeps it up.
BE
interested in
I have always been interested in educating an orchestra from the musical point of view and at the level of human contact.
BE
involved in
If members of staff are involved in this process, it emphasizes unity and partnership within the school.
BE
known for
known as
Holland is known for its unique tulips.

Adam Smith is known as the father of economics.
BE
limited to
Sales will initially be limited to the US, although Rover may launch the car in other markets, including the UK.
BE
located in / on / at / Turkey is located between between.. Asia and Europe.
BE
made of
The statue was made of local limestone, not marble, and roughened by weather.
Provolone, another hard Italian cheese, was originally made from buffalos milk (as was Mozzarella), but is now made from cows milk.
made from
made out of
Enzymes, a form of protein, are made out of a very precise order of amino acids.
BE
married to
Id been married to a witch before I got divorced.
BE
opposed to
Im opposed to all kinds of discrimination, whether it be gender or age discrimination.
BE pleased with / about Despite the difficulties of being an archeologist, he is pleased with his job.
BE
preoccupied with
Jason is not an absentminded person actually, but these days his mind is preoccupied with that lady with dark hair.
BE
prepared for
Life is full of surprises and it seems impossible to be prepared for everything.
BE
provided with
Guests will be provided with two main meals each day.
BE
qualified for Ill vote for the second candidate since he is much more qualified for this kind of position.
BE
referred to (as)
A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as nulligravida; a woman pregnant first time as primigravida, and at later pregnancies as multigravida.
BE
related to
Important keywords which are related to the topic must be examined and learnt.
BE
remembered for
Nasureddin Hodja is mainly remembered for his quick wit. Hemingway is remembered as one of the milestones in American literature.
remembered as
BE
satisfied with
Since the workers were not satisfied with the wages, they decided to go on strike.
BE
scared of
Werent you scared of the mad look he gave?
BE
separated from Efficiency measures are only possible when outputs are separated from each other and possess uniform characteristics.
BE
shocked at
When I was in the Bodleian, I was shocked at the existence of hundreds of letters the writers had marked Burn!
BE
surprised at
I told her that I was surprised at her remarks last night at the party because I knew that she wasnt the kind of girl to use such a bad language.
BE
synchronized with
The mechanical scanning is synchronized with the scan of a television tube.
BE
thrilled at / with
She said she was delighted to hear from him; he was thrilled at the sound of her voice.
BE
terrified of
During the war in Vietnam, the Vietnamese soldiers were terrified of the American troops.
BE
tired of
Im tired of country villages where everybody lives in everybody elses pocket!
tired from
My father was always so tired from running about the library all day that he fell straight to sleep.
BE
upset with someone
He is upset with the Prime Minister for not trying harder to create a non-aligned peace formula to end the Gulf War.
BE
used for
The computer is primarily used for data storage purposes. They are used to noise as they have six children.
used to something
BE
worried about
Monica was too late for home and thats why her parents were worried about her.
B. Complete the following sentences by using the correct preposition.

to 1 Some children are addicted _________computer games, playing for at least 3 hours a day. to 2 Jack is married __________a childrens nurse from Essex; having a British spouse usually makes citizenship automatic. with 3 Nobody can be 100 per cent satisfied ___________ his irrelevant explanation.
to 4 Most speech recognizers are limited ________ small vocabularies and require training by the speaker before the systems can be used.
5 About a hundred policemen are equipped _____ vehicles, guns, truncheons and two-way radios, before going out of the police station.
to 6 The book is dedicated ______ Keneallys father who died in 1985.
with
of 7 Mr. Lee is convinced _____________the need to integrate Korea into the world economy to strengthen democracy at home.
8 Mr. Chow said he did not think his sons death was to related ___________pressure from work, adding that he enjoyed his job despite the heavy workload. 9 She told the court that she and her husband were with provided __________a double bed with clean sheets, blankets and pillows, and her two-year-old daughter had a bed of her own during their four-month stay at a refugee education camp in England.
to 10He is used _________facing and using the mediatherefore he fully knows the power of the medium.
11The police said that the suspect is associated with ___________ the two crimes in New York.
12 I can start cooking when I am finished with ____________ this repair.
to 13You should not be exposed _______ sunshine for long periods. Please take this hat.
of 14I am tired ______ sitting at home all day. I must do something for a change.
15 The stadium is filled _______ the fanatics of with Barcelona and Real Madrid.
to 16Jack is going to be engaged __________a Swedish girl called Malin. They are planning to go to Hawaii for their honeymoon. to 17I am not accustomed _____________traveling by plane. I think we had better go by bus. in 18 My brother is interested ____________visiting different countries and learning more about their people and culture.
with 19I am not acquainted ____________the woman working at that school. Do you know who she is?
20Except a man, everybody was so elegant at the in party. He was dressed _____________a wholly inappropriate fashion.
PASSIVE WITH GET

Durum bildirme I wasnt able to enter the building yesterday as the lock was broken. Stative passive yapnn kullanld ve bir durum cmlesi olan birinci cmlede konumac, kilit krk olduu iin dn building giremediini sylemektedir. Kilidin durumunu anlatmak iin broken sfatn kullanmtr. Mike Harry : : What happened to this lock? Oh sorry. As I was fixing the lock, it got broken.
Eylem bildirme
Dier yandan bir eylem cmlesi olan ikinci cmlede Harry anahtar tamir ederken krldn sylemektedir. Bunu anlatmak amacyla da GET + Verb (Past Participle Form) yapsn kullanmtr. Bu yap, edilgen anlam veren eylem cmleleri kurmak amacyla kullanlabilir.
The Turkish economy is getting more and more powerful since all the balances concerning financial markets are finely controlled.
Nesnenin durumundaki deiiklik

Bu cmlede konumac, Trk ekonomisinin gittike daha da glenmekte olduunu GET+ADJECTIVE yapsn kullanarak anlatmaktadr.
Special use of need, want, require and necessitate: Edilgen anlam Look, how dirty here is! And it has long been so. I cant live in this flat as it is. It needs cleaning thoroughly. Generally speaking, your lesson plans are acceptable but they still require revising.
need, want, require, necessitate fiilleri kendilerinden sonra Ving yapsyla birlikte kullanldklarnda edilgen bir anlam verirler. lk cmlede konumac dairenin son derece kirli olduunu syledikten sonra temizlenmesi gerektiini need + Ving yapsyla anlatmaktadr. Benzer ekilde ikinci cmlede konumac, genel olarak ders planlarnn kabul edilebilir nitelikte olduunu syledikten sonra, yine de gzden geirilmesi gerektiini require + Ving yapsyla anlatmaktadr.
Edilgen anlam
Open, close, sell, read, transfer vb. Fiiller yapsal adan etken yapda kurulmu cmlelerde de olsa edilgen bir anlam ifade ederler.
The windows unexpectedly opened. First we couldnt understand what the reason was but later we discovered that it was the wind. Lady Dianas biography has sold more than a million copies in Europe. Im sure youll like this young writers first novel; it reads well.
Camlar beklenmedik bir biimde ald. Bankalar saat 9:30da alr ve 17:30da kapanr. Leydi Dianann biyografisi Avrupada bir milyondan fazla satt / satld. Bu gen yazarn ilk romann eminim ki beeneceksin. Kolay okunuyor.
Structural Conversion
1.
It is said that this poem was written by Elytis. This poem was written by Elytis, so it is said. Elytis is said to have written this poem. This poem is said to have been written by Elytis.
2.
Nothing more can be done about this matter. Theres nothing more to be done about this matter. With regard to this matter, theres nothing more to be done.
3.
My jewels were stolen. I was robbed of my jewels. Someone stole my jewels. I had my jewels stolen.
4.
They dont allow smoking in hospitals. Smoking isnt allowed in hospitals. Smoking is forbidden in hospitals.
5.Id love you to take me out. Id love to be taken out (by you.)
6.
No actor can be expected to remember all the plays he has acted in. No one can expect an actor to remember all the plays he has acted in.
7. Your contract says that you are to be present by 8 every day. You are expected to be present by 8 every day according to your contract.
8.
I wasnt taken in by her story. Her story didnt deceive me.
9.
He wore a hat so that no one would recognize him. He wore a hat to avoid being recognized.
10.
I love people asking for my autograph. I love being asked for my autograph. I love it when Im asked for my autograph.
11.
They couldnt hear him. He couldnt make himself heard.
12.
They saw him steal the money. He was seen to steal the money.
13.
Who made this dress? Who was this dress made by?
14.
He lets himself be laughed at. He lets people laugh at him.
C.Finish the following sentences without changing the meaning of the sentences printed before them.
1. It is said that she was the greatest singer of all time.
She is said to have been the greatest singer of all time.

2. Who painted this picture?
Who was this picture painted by?

3. He lets himself be taken advantage of.
He lets people take advantage of him.
4. She locked the door so that nobody would disturb her.

She locked the door to avoid being disturbed. 5. His claim that he was starving didnt deceive me. I wasnt taken in by his claim that he was starving. 6.My aunts car has been stolen. Someone has stolen my aunts car.
7. She was seen to enter the restaurant.
They saw her enter the restaurant.

8. Parking isnt allowed here.
They do not allow parking here.

9. No student can be expected to know every word in the book. Nobody can expect any students to know every word in the book.
10. The agreement states that you are to pay once a month.
You are expected to pay once a month.

11. Theres nothing further to say about this.
Nothing further can be said about this.

12. I hate people asking me personal questions.
I hate being asked personal questions.
13.They couldnt understand him.

He couldnt make himself understood.
14.She allows people to distract her from her work.

She allows herself to be distracted from her work.
15.Id love you to give me some time off.

Id love to be given some time off.
THE CAUSATIVE
ngilizcede ettirgen yap (causative), bir eylemi bir bakasna yaptrmak veya eylemin bakas tarafndan yaptrlmas anlamn tayan zel fiillerle kurulur. rnein;
Nicky had David tidy up her room.
Bu cmlede eylemi (tidy up) yaptran Nickydir. Eylemi yapan ise, Daviddir.
Bu nedenle, Nicky had David tidy up her room, cmlesi Nicky, Davide odasn toplatt, eklinde evrilebilir. Ettirgen yap, 1 HAVE 2 MAKE 3 GET fiilleriyle kurulur. Zamana ilikin ekim ekleri sadece bu fiillere getirilir.
HAVE + SOMEONE + VERB (BASE FORM) Bir kiiye bir ii belirli bir cret karl yaptrmak veya bir ii yapmasn rica ederek yaptrma(ask sb to do sth) I will have the technician repair the computer. (Servis elemanna bilgisayar tamir ettireceim) The professor has had her assistant score the exam papers.
The landlord called the porter and had him remove everything but one bottle of brandy.
MAKE + SOMEONE + VERB (BASE FORM)

Bir kiiye bir ii zorla yaptrmak (force someone to do something)
The boss made the watchman check the seals again.

(The boss forced the watchman to check the seals again.)
(Patron bekiye kilitleri yeniden kontrol ettirdi.)

The police have announced that they will make the residents evacuate the area due to the danger of an earthquake. They were talking about how to make him operate in a manner for which he had been previously criticized.
GET + SOMEONE + TO + VERB (BASE FORM)

Bir kiiye bir ii ikna yoluyla yaptrmak (persuade someone to do something)
The boss is getting the staff to re-examine the balance sheet once more.
(Patron alanlara bilanoyu yeniden inceletiyor.) The son got his father to pay for the damage. Schools should get students to desire to participate actively in civic life of the community.
Dier yandan, eylemin yaptrld kii nemli deil veya bilinmiyorsa, dier bir deyile eylemden etkilenen nesne n plandaysa, aada belirtilen yaplar kullanlabilir.
HAVE + SOMETHING / SOMEONE + VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE) I will have the computer repaired (by the technician) (Bilgisayar (teknisyene) tamir ettireceim.)
They are planning to have the shareholders murdered one by one. Im late because I have been having my car serviced.
GET + SOMETHING / SOMEONE + VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE)

The boss is getting the balance sheet re-examined (by the staff) once more. (Patron (alanlara) bilanoyu yeniden inceletiyor.) The gang will get the sheriff garroted by a private sixkiller. Could you get these documents Xeroxed for me?
BE + MADE + TO + VERB (BASE

To identify the run-away prisoner, the prisoners were made to form fives.
(Kaak mahkumu tespit etmek iin, mahkumlar beli sraya sokuldular.)

To prevent the inundation, the farmers were made to build a one-meter wall before their lands. He was, in fact, reluctant to attend the conference; however, he was made to be there with the instruction of the chief.
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct from of the verbs in parentheses. Use part participle form of the verbs where necessary.
to make 1 Of course, the illusion of art is _________ (make) one believe ________ (believe) that great literature is very close to life, but exactly the opposite is true. Life is amorphous, but literature is formal. 2 The books that help you most are those which make you _________(think) that most. The hardest way of think _______(learn) is that of easy reading: but a great learning book that comes from a great thinker is a ship of thought, deep freighted with truth and beauty. to get 3 Many programs on TV are trying _________(get) using to stop people ________(stop) _________(use) drugs.
apologize 4 My English teacher made me __________(apologize) being for _________(be) late. 5 Macau customs authorities confiscated more than 40 Honk Kong mobile phones last month, fined the wait owners and made them ___________(wait) several days before getting their units back.
6 The children had a birthday party. They didnt let their join parents __________(join) the party.
read 7 The teacher had his students _____________ (read) five short stories during the summer holiday.
get 8 I have lost my keys. We had better _______ (get) a to open locksmith ______ (open) it. run 9 The lightning flash made the children _______ (run) quickly into their house.
10 Dont touch the broken switch. Although we got it repaired ________(repair), now we will have to _____ (get) get to repair an electrician _______ (repair) it again. 11She thought herself an angel or a fairy from heaven and that the people around her were evil and made lose her ________ (lose) much of her magical power. lying 12Jennifer saw a fly ______ (lie) in her meal, so she bring had the waiter _______ (bring) her a new one.
cry 13The earthquake tragedy made everyone _______(cry). post have 14Please ________ (have) your secretary ________ (post) the necessary documents as soon as possible.
15Do you know a way how parents can get their children to read _______ (read) more ?
16Teachers have the first grade students of primary write school ____________(write) the same letters and words hundreds of times. 17The robbers had the hackers _______ (show) them show to enter how _______ (enter) the bank accounts.
18Would you like ________ (have) any of your slacks to have ironed _______ (iron)?
take off 19Julia made me ________________ (take off) my shoes in front of the door. She said she just had it cleaned (clean). ______
20He only wanted to be a casual member but his sharpness, perceptiveness and former police stand background made him ________________(stand) out from the crowd.
to make 21Politicians try _______________(make) everyone _____________(believe) that they can cope with all believe the problems of the society.
leave 22Before he let us ________(leave), he made us promise not to tell __________(promise) ___________(not, tell) anybody about what we had heard.
B.Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the sentences printed before them. 1. His motorbike is in the garage being repaired. He is having his motorbike repaired in the garage. ___________________________________________________ 2. The dentist checked her teeth. She had her teeth checked. ___________________________________________________ 3. Someone cut the grass in my garden. I had the grass in my garden cut. ___________________________________________________ 4. Someone is making her a wonderful ball-gown. She is having a wonderful ball-gown made. ___________________________________________________ 5. The typist has typed all her letters. She has had all her letters typed. ___________________________________________________
6. Someone is decorating Julies house. Julie is having her house decorated. ___________________________________________________ 7. The optician tested Cherrys eyes. Cherry had her eyes tested. ___________________________________________________ 8. The odd-job man will shovel the snow away for Lady Wilberforce. will have the odd-job man shovel the snow. Lady Wilberforce _______________________________ 9. Mrs. Barringtons groceries will be delivered to her will have her groceries delivered. house. Mrs. Barrington _______________________________ 10. Someone was making Mary coffee when the doorbell rang. was having coffee made when the doorbell rang. Mary _________________________________________
11.
He posted Marlenes letters. Marlene __________________________________ had her letters posted. 12. The hairdresser styled Gwendolines hair. had the hairdresser style her hair. Gwendoline ___________________________________ 13. She will ask someone to clean her swimming pool. She______________________________________ will have her swimming pool cleaned. 14. Mr. Osbourne asked a solicitor to draw up his will. had a solicitor draw up his will. Mr. Osbourne _____________________________ 15. The furniture company will deliver her furniture today. will have her furniture delivered. She _____________________________________
16.
17.
18.
Someone came to repair their central heating yesterday. had their central heating repaired yesterday. They_________________________________________ Its not possible to install a washing machine because there isnt enough space in her kitchen. cannot have a washing machine installed. She _________________________________________ The gardener is planting new trees in Lady Moars garden. is having new trees planted in her garden. Lady Moar ___________________________________
19.Marks legs were broken in the car crash. had his legs broken in the car crash. Mark______________________________________ 20.Id like him to finish the work by 4 oclock. have the work finished by 4 oclock. Id like to ____________________________________
21. I wish Id asked her to clean my skirt yesterday. I wish I had _____________________________________ had my skirt cleaned yesterday.
22.Dont print this document! this document printed! Dont have________________________________________ 23.The vet treated the girls dog. had her dog treated. The girl __________________________________________ 24.Shell ask someone to collect the parcels. will have the parcels collected. She _____________________________________________
25. Their new house will have been built by next year. have their new house built next year. They will ________________________________________ 26.Someone is servicing Johns television. is having his TV serviced. John ____________________________________________
27. The dressmaker was fitting Sues wedding dress when she fainted. was having her wedding dress fit when she fainted. Sue ___________________________________________
28. The tailor made James a new suit. had the tailor make a new suit . James ___________________________________________ 29. Dont redecorate the house! the house redecorated! Dont have _______________________________________ 30. I asked someone to polish my shoes. had my shoes polished. I_______________________________________________
Structural Conversion
1.
Somebody is going to water the flowers for her. Shes going to have the flowers watered.
2.
Your hair needs cutting. Youll have to have your hair cut. You should have your hair cut.
3.
Im having my house decorated. My house is being decorated. Someone is decorating my house.
4.
Is anyone checking your answers? Are you having your answers checked?
5.
Someone twisted her arm. She had her arm twisted. She got her arm twisted. Her arm was twisted.
6.
I hate her asking someone else to do her homework. I hate her having her homework done by someone else.
7.
Id love it if someone cut the grass for me. Id love to have the grass cut.
8.
The hairdresser permed my hair. I got my hair permed at the hairdressers.
C. Finish the following sentences using the causative form without changing the meaning of the sentences printed before them.
1. 2.
The arrangements were made by his secretary. his secretary make the arrangements. He had _________________________________ She got her hands burnt during the fire. Her hands ________________________________ were burnt during the fire.
3.
4.
Theyre going to put my leg in plaster. to have my leg put in plaster. Im going ______________________________ Ill have to have this tooth taken out. will have to be taken out. This tooth ______________________________
5.
6.
Someone played a joke on him. a joke played on. He had _________________________________ Our dog needs vaccinating. to have our dog vaccinated. Well have ______________________________
7. Their film was developed in 24 hours. the film developed in 24 hours. They got________________________________ 8. Are you going to have the roof repaired before winter? going to have someone repair the roof before winter? Are they ________________________________
9.
10.
He got his house valued by professionals. was valued by professionals. His house__________________________________ My bag was stolen. my bag stolen. I had ______________________________________
11.
12.
Someone will take care of the delivery of your goods. have the delivery of your goods taken care We will _____________________________________ of. A newspaper published her story. her story published. She got _____________________________________
13.
14.
15.
Id love it if someone cleaned my room. have my room cleaned. Id love to ____________________________________ They had to get someone to proof-read the manuscript. The manuscript _______________________________ had to be proof-read. The windows need draught-proofing. have to have the windows draught-proofed. Youll _______________________________________
QUESTIONS ON PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVE

1.-24. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. I only _______ defects when the machine ________. a) realized/was delivered b) have been realized/had been delivered c) realized/delivered d) realized/will deliver e) had realized/have delivered
2. When the coffin _______, it ________ in the wrong direction unlike everyone thought.
a) buries/is putting b) buried/puts c) was buried/was put d) has been buried/is putting e) had been buried/have been put
3. New amendments about the bill of rights _______ by the members of the Parliament in the last session. a) are being considered b) were considered c) has considered d) considered e) had been considered
4. To my surprise, the trial _______ by the Judge unexpectedly. a) delayed b) delays c) is delaying d) has delayed e) has been delayed
5.The chef made the cooks _______ the damage to the wall of the kitchen. a) repair b) repairs c) repaired d) repairing e) being repaired
6. I am sure he could have accepted our offer if he ________.

a) convinced b) has been convinced c) had been convinced d) was being convinced e) had convinced
7. No one ______ that everything ________ by the volunteers to change the present situation.
a) knows/has been done b) was known/has done c) is known/was done d) knows/had done e) had been known/did
8. The reason of the war Troy is believed _______ a love affair.

a) to be c) to have been e) having been b) being d) to have being
9. The side effects of antibiotics ______ by many people. a) ignored b) are ignoring c) have ignored d) were ignoring e) have been ignored
10.By the time the boss came back to the office, the reports _______ . a) should have been completed b) should have completed c) had better complete d) will have been completed e) have been completed
11.I _______ by the staff at the front desk that I ______ at 12 oclock at latest. a) warned/checked out b) was warned/had to check out c) was warning/was checked out d) had been warned/ was to be checked out e) have warned/have to check out
12.The robbers are thought ______ the gallery through the tunnel under the exhibition hall. a) to enter b) having been entered c) to have entered d) to have been entered e) being entered
13.It _______ in the report that most of the rivers in our country _____ at a very fast rate. a) is stated/are being polluted b) was stated/are being polluted c) has stated/have been polluted d) stated/were polluting e) had been stated/had polluted
14.By the time we get home, Im sure most of the food _______ .
a) has been eaten b) had eaten c) will have been eaten d) will have eaten e) were eaten
15.After the train crash, the number of casualties _________ by the authorities yet. a) wont declare b) hasnt declared c) werent declared d) wont have declared e) hasnt been declared
16.During the process of production at the factory, all types of foods ________, because there may be some germs on them. a) will be sterilized b) should be sterilized c) had to be sterilized d) must be sterilizing e) were sterilizing
17.As I ________ by my aunt, I miss her a lot more than my own mother.
a) brought up b) am bringing up c) was bringing up d) have been bringing up e) was brought up
18.All kinds of medicine at home _______ out of reach of children. a) should be kept b) had better keep c) is supposed to be keeping d) can keep e) mustnt be kept
19.During the hard times of our constitutional democracy, from time to time some laws _______even by the rulers. a) must be violated b) was violating c) have been violated d) cant be violating e) had been violated
20.Most of the knowledge during lifetime is acquired through life experience, _______ .
a) unfortunately they are thought to be the main issues of the doctors nowadays b) although it is believed to be gained by the books we study c) but the practical solution to those who have difficulties is complicated d) whereas the others claim that they were all misled e) while some tests have been applied to prove these speculations
21.Most of the illnesses that people have been suffering from ______. a) are thought to have inherited from generation to generation b) were the main issue of the geography teachers c) will have been a mystery rather than a well-known subject d) had been discussed by the experts for a couple of decades e) are known to have been found in the ruins of the Aztecs
22.When different blood type is injected into the body, ______. a) the victims in the vicinity suffered from that kind of action b) some symptoms on the plant has been observed clearly c) it is rejected by the body itself by some certain reactions d) no one expected what was going to happen e) the results surprised everyone in the ward but me
23.Due to the recent economic crisis, _____.

a) the practices of some customs used to be condemned b) the number of the books on the shelves will have decreased substantially c) some of the workers have been made redundant d) even though they had already taken certain precautions e) developing countries should have been aided by the more developed ones
24.______; however, most of them simply expect significant social changes during the education at universities. a) They have been established to enlarge the capacity of students b) Authorities tried to force the limit of their brains c) Those who involved in such crimes have been arrested d) The reason why students have chosen a career at universities is obvious e) Whether it is artificial or not is still under debate
1.-50. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1.
A baby starts learning the meanings of words as they ____ by others and later uses them in sentences. A) B) C) D) E) spoke speak are spoken were spoken had spoken
2. It was not until that I was broke with no social insurance and no means of financial support that I realized that I ______ Mr. Sanders job offer. A) B) C) D) E) couldnt have accepted didnt need to accept might not have accepted wouldnt accept shouldnt have accepted
3.
Some parents prefer ______ their children to private schools because they believe the children will have a better education. A) B) C) D) E) to to to to to have sent be sent be sending have been sent send
4.
After Clarence Days book Life with Father _____ as a play, it ran for six years on Broadway. A) B) C) D) E) rewrote has rewritten was rewritten had rewritten has been rewritten
5. When adult children _____ too much frustration, their behavior ceases to be integrated. A) B) C) D) E) to be experiencing to have experience to be experienced experience to have experienced
6. On March 30, 1981, President Reagan _____ as he was leaving the Washington Hotel. A) B) C) D) E) was shooting has been shot to have shot was shot to have been shot
7. The latest report ______ that the patients temperature was near normal and her lungs were partially cleared. A) B) C) D) E) was indicated indicated has been indicated to have indicated to have been indicated
8. A vast quantity of radioactive material _____ when a hydrogen bomb explodes. A) B) C) D) E) is produced produces has been produced to have been produced is producing
9. Genes have several alternative forms, alleles, which _____ by mutations.

A) B) C) D) E) produce are producing produced to have been produced are produced
10. Each line of poetry written in blank verse has ten syllables which ______ alternately.
A) B) C) D) E) stressed and unstressed are stressed and unstressed are stressing and unstressing to be stressed and unstressed to have stressed and unstressed
11. By the beginning of the 1980s, fifteen states _______ no-fault insurance laws.
A) B) C) D) E) had already adopted were adopted have already been adopted were already adopting adopted
12. Patty Berg, the top tournament winner in womens golf, _____ 83 golf tournaments from 1935 through 1964. A) B) C) D) E) was won has been won had been won won has won
13. Factor analysis _____ to discover how many abilities ______ in intelligence test performance. A) B) C) D) E) is using/have been involved used/involved is used/are involved uses/involve has been using/have involved
14. Telegraph service across the Atlantic _____ successfully in 1866.

A) B) C) D) E) was established established has been established to have established was establishing
15. Coronary occlusion results from a disease in which fatty substances with a large amount of cholesterol _____in the arteries. A) B) C) D) E) is depositing was depositing deposited are deposited has deposited
16. Her money _____back as soon as she threatened to take the matter to court. A) B) C) D) E) was paying has been paid has been paying paid was paid
17. The scholarship that he_____ to study at Cambridge presented a unique opportunity. A) B) C) D) E) was received received has been received is received was receiving
18.The legislator believed that it was an honor _____ to a position on the council. A) B) C) D) E) to have named to be naming to have been naming to be named having named
19. Because the type on the typewriter the student ______ is not very clear, he should find another one. A) B) C) D) E) is using is used to be using to have used being used
20. The judge was in favor of having the Federal Government _____ the prosecution of the case.
A) B) C) D) E) to take over to be taken over take over to have been taken over to be taking over
21. In economics, diminishing returns ______ the relationship between resource and production. A) B) C) D) E) is described is describing describes has been described will be described
22.When lava ______ the surface, its temperature can be ten times as high as that of boiling water. A) B) C) D) E) is reached has been reached has been reaching will be reached reaches
23. Rarely can have the gardener _____ the entire root of a dandelion because of its length and sturdiness. A) B) C) D) E) remove be removed to be removed to have removed to have been removed
24. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals, and for this reason it _____ in equipment that must withstand high temperatures. A) B) C) D) E) is using is used has been using was to have used is to be using
25.People tend ______ their opinions first in small groups or among friends and acquaintances. A) B) C) D) E) to to to to to have voiced be voiced have been voiced having voiced voice
26.In the quantitative course, the professor presented a unit with a unique approach ______ this sort of problem. A) B) C) D) E) to to to to to solve be solved being solved solving having been solved
27.U.S Census figures indicate that people with only elementary education ______ just as much as college graduations. A) B) C) D) E) to have been earned having earned to having earned to having been earned earn
28.Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic, _____ in June 1937 while attempting to fly around the world. A) B) C) D) E) disappeared has disappeared has been disappeared is disappearing was disappeared
29.Plants that sprout, grow, bloom, produce seeds, and die within one year _______ as annuals.
A) B) C) D) E) has been classifying were classifying are classifying to be classifying are classified
30.The middle ear ______ to the back of the throat by the Eustachian tube. A) B) C) D) E) is attaching was attached is attached has been attached has been attaching
31.Certain authorities claim that the costumes that people wear to parties _____ subtle insights into their personalities. A) B) C) D) E) are given has been given to be given to give give
32.Mars two small moons, Phobos and Deimos, _______ with craters irregularly. A) B) C) D) E) shape and cover are shaped and covered to shape and cover to have shaped and covered to be shaped and covered
33.In any matter, heat tends _____ from the hotter parts to the cooler parts. A) B) C) D) E) to to to to to be flowed have been flowed having flowed having been flowed flow
34.Sulfa drugs _____ to treat bacterial infection until penicillin became widely available.
A) B) C) D) E) was using has been using had been used had been using had had to use
35.Plans for both the International monetary fund and the World Bank _____ at the Bretton Woods Conference. A) B) C) D) E) were drawn up has been drawn up were drawing up has been drawing up had been drawing up
36.In 1958, the largest recorded wave, with a height of 500 meters, _____ in Lituya Bay, Alaska.
A) B) C) D) E) was occurring occurred had occurred had been occurred had been occurring
37.Unlike the traditional red fire engines, the new fire engines which ______by the department recently are yellow. A) B) C) D) E) have been purchased have been purchasing purchased had been purchased have purchased
38.The insurance package which ______ by that company is exactly like the package our company offers. A) B) C) D) E) is offering has been offering is offered was offering was to have offered
39.As they _____ with the hotel accommodation last year, they have decided to try another hotel this year. A) B) C) D) E) were not satisfying havent satisfied hadnt satisfied havent been satisfied were not satisfied
40.As the main highway _____ at this hour, the driver should try to find another route to the stadium. A) B) C) D) E) was crowded had been crowded to be crowded to have been crowded is crowded
41.Pittsburg ______ its smog by requiring more complete oxidation of fuel cars, and other cities should do the same thing. A) B) C) D) E) has reduced has been reduced was reduced had been reduced had been reducing
42.Up to World War II almost all important research in physics ______ in universities with only university funds. A) B) C) D) E) had been made has to be made was making had been making has been made
43.As the plan that _____ yesterday is no longer feasible, the manager had to choose other alternatives. A) B) C) D) E) was making has been made should be making was made had to make
44.The result of the failure to plan for the future is that a child from an urban area _____ to the country to see nature. A) B) C) D) E) must be taking must have taken are taking has to take must be taken
45.This machine can print on a single piece of paper, but only if the lever ______ the front of the machine. A) B) C) D) E) is faced has been faced should be faced must be faced is to face
46.Unlike other architects of the early modern movement, Alvar Aalto ______ informality, personal expression, and rationality in his works. A) B) C) D) E) was stressed has been stressed had been stressing had stressed stressed
47.Sports medicine is a medical specialty which _____ the identification and treatment of injuries to persons involved in sports. A) B) C) D) E) deals with had been dealing with was dealt with was dealing with has to be dealt with
48.American public school curriculum _____ at the state or local level rather than the federal level. A) B) C) D) E) has been determining is determining was determining is determined had been determined
49.In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _____ majestic mountains and churning rivers. A) B) C) D) E) are found has been finding had been found would find used to find
50.The type of jazz known as swing ______ by Duke Ellington when he wrote and recorded It Dont Mean a Thing If It Aint Got That swing. A) B) C) D) E) would have introduced was introduced was introducing has been introducing had been introducing
1.-5. Sorularda cmleleri tamamlayan en uygun ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. When a different blood type is injected into the body, ______.

a) the victims in the vicinity suffered from that kind of action b) some symptoms on the plant has been observed clearly c) it is rejected by the body itself by some certain reactions d) no one expected what was going to happen e) the results surprised everyone in the ward but me
2. Most of the illnesses that people have been suffering from ______. a) are thought to have been inherited from generation to generation b) were the main issue of the geography teachers c) will have been a mystery rather than a well-known subject d) had been discussed by the experts for a couple of decades e) are known to have been found in the ruins of the Aztecs
3. Most of the knowledge during a lifetime is acquired through life experience, _______.
a) unfortunately they are thought to be the main issues of the doctors nowadays b) although it is believed to be gained by the books we study c) but the practical solution to those who have difficulties is complicated d) whereas the others claim that they were all misled e) while some tests have been applied to prove these speculations
4. Due to the recent economic crisis, ____.

a) the practices of some customs used to be condemned b) the number of the books on the shelves will have decreased substantially c) some of the workers have been made redundant d) even though they had already taken certain precautions e) developing countries should have been aided by the more developed ones
5. ______; however, most of them simply expect significant social changes during the education at universities. a) They have been established to enlarge the capacity of students b) Authorities tried to force the limit of their brains c) Those who were involved in such crimes have been arrested d) The reason why students choose a career at universities is obvious e) Whether it is artificial or not is still under debate
EXTRA QUESTIONS ONPASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

1.-50. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz .
1. In the USA, women _____ to vote until the first quarter of the 20th century, when the womens protest against the discrimination _____. A) B) C) D) E) hadnt allowed/was starting hasnt been allowed/would start didnt allow/had started wasnt allowed/started wouldnt be allowed / have started
2. When I _____ at a university in Birmingham, where I ______ before, I was living with my family in Kent. A) B) C) D) E) accepted/was never was accepted/had never been have been accepted/will never be have accepted/wouldnt be will be accepted/was never going to be
3. During winter, the mountain village ______ by sleighs and helicopters due to the snow, which _____ by the local people. A) B) C) D) E) reached/preferred have reached/was preferring were reached/has been preferred reach/prefer are reached/is not preferred
4. It isn't necessary to bring skis as they ______ in the package. A) has included B) C) is included D) E) included was including are included
5. Luckily, Peter _____ with an offense when the police _____ him stealing the first time.
A) B) C) D) E) wasnt charged/caught hadnt charged/was catching was charging/caught has been charged/will catch wont charge/will catch
6. Their parents _____ when they _____ safe and sound from their hiking trip.
A) B) C) D) E) were relieved/arrived has relieved/were arriving relieved/arrived were relieving/were arriving are relieving/are arriving
7. My colleagues and I ______ for four months; therefore, we ______ to protest the administration by leaving the company 30 minutes earlier. A) B) C) D) E) havent paid/have planned werent paid/planned hadnt been paid/would plan havent been paid/are planning werent paying/were planning
8. This project focuses on issues that ______ into consideration when planning a new course.
A) B) C) D) E) need to take need to have taken didnt need to take needed to take need to be taken
9. At last, an advanced level implementation _____ to give people an example of the type of global planning that _____ for a new route. A) B) C) D) E) provides/requires provided/required is provided/is required has provided/has been required being provided/was required
10.Generally, the argument for authentic materials is that the materials _____ what learners _____with in every day life when using English. A) B) C) D) E) should represent/will be confronted ought to be represented/will confront would be represented/confronted could be represented/confronting can be represented/will be confronting
11.If a foreign language is required for a profession, tasks should be more real-world orientated; besides, they ______ on the exact type of language _____in the specific profession.
A) B) C) D) E) neednt have based/requiring didnt have to base/requires should be based/required didnt need to base/has required ought to have based/having required
12.As students who _____ to speak English only with other non-native speakers should not have to worry as much about listening skills as those who _____ to communicate principally with native speakers.
A) B) C) D) E) are expected/are supposed expect/suppose expecting/supposing expected/supposed to expect/to suppose
13.There are just a few important questions that _____ when planning a new marketing strategy. A) B) C) D) E) neednt have asked didnt need to ask to need to ask need to be asked needed to ask
14.Investors expect _____ a business plan that _____a realistic financial picture of the anticipated growth of the company. A) B) C) D) E) seeing/painting saw/painted to see/ paints to have seen/being painted to be seen/to have painted
15.A business plan is a document that _____a profile of your company, and a vision of its future. A) B) C) D) E) containing to contain to be contained to have been contained contains
16.In order to succeed, entrepreneurs must _____a growing base of satisfied customers.
A) B) C) D) E) be attracted and retained have attracted and retained be attracting and retaining attract and retain have been attracted and retained
17.Students who_____ to travel to the USA in order to study need _____the following visa requirements.
A) B) C) D) E) wanted/met want/to meet wanting/meeting have wanted/being met have been wanted/to be met
18.His daughter continued _____ until he could not _____ any longer.
A) B) C) D) E) crying/have seen to be crying/have been seen to have cried/see to be crying/have seen to cry/be seen
19.Unfortunately, my next door neighbor _____with murder when the police _____ his finger prints in the victims house. A) B) C) D) E) was charging/was finding charged/find had charged/being found was charged/found has charged/be found
20.Although he had been able to do the job successfully for some time, he _____the position.
A) B) C) D) E) wasn't given didnt give hasnt given hadnt given wouldnt give
21.As you improve your English skills and your grammar understanding advances, you _____that building your vocabulary is the key to becoming an excellent speaker of English.
A) B) C) D) E) will be discovered are discovered will have been discovered will discover discovered
22.If you voluntarily disclose personal information on a bulletin board, chat room or on any other user or member generated pages, that information can _____by others. A) B) C) D) E) be collected and used not have collected and used be collecting and using not collect and use not have been collected and used
23.The New York Times Company announced today that in December 2005 advertising revenues for the Company's business units _____8.2% _____with December 2004.
A) B) C) D) E) are increased/comparing increases/compares being increased/have compared increased/compared increasing/comparing
24.Actor Christopher Penn, brother of Sean Penn, _____dead in his bed by a housekeeper late Tuesday afternoon, Jan. 24, 2006. A) B) C) D) E) was found found finds to have found to have been found
25.The topic for your research paper _____ by Professor Atkinson. A) B) C) D) E) should should should should should have been approved have approved be approving approve have been approving
26.The foundation _____ by the construction workers before they quit for the May Day. A) B) C) D) E) would have finished could have finished might have finished should have been finished might finish
27.Workers training for a specific job have a strong possibility of _____ by a machine.
A) B) C) D) E) replaced having been replacing have replaced having replaced being replaced
28.In English these questions _____ by changing the word order of a statement, whereas in other languages the word order remains the same. A) B) C) D) E) being made to have been made having to be made have to be made have to make
29.He was not able to define the process by which the body _____ by immunological system. A) B) C) D) E) had been protected protected had protected has protected has been protected
30.During this period, 206 Dollars _____ annually on food by families in the lower third income bracket. A) B) C) D) E) was spending was spent spent has been spending has spent
31.In a recent survey of Americans, more than 75% expressed the view that the government ____ a more active role in health care. A) B) C) D) E) should be taken should have been taken must have been taken should take would rather be taken
32.The Military Academy at West Point _____ on the west bank of the Hudson River, north of New York City. A) B) C) D) E) is locating locates located being located is located
33.A word processor is necessary for any project that _____ in this program.
A) B) C) D) E) has undertaken couldnt have undertaken didnt undertake is undertaken shouldnt have been undertaken
34.When the first bill _____, the Senate immediately began work on different bills.
A) B) C) D) E) was defeated defeated has been defeated could have been defeated had defeated
35.The police had very few opportunities to catch the thief who _____ a great number of crimes. A) B) C) D) E) has committed was committed had been committed had committed has been committed
36.It is better to go shopping in the late evening as there are fewer people in the market, and you _____ a number of tasks in a short period of time. A) B) C) D) E) have accomplished can accomplish are accomplished should have accomplished could have accomplished
37.For the wedding reception, the caterers ______ a large amount of food to serve a large number of people. A) B) C) D) E) should have been prepared could have been prepared were to be prepared must have been prepared are preparing
38.Many job opportunities exist in the field of nurse if you are willing _____ a low-paying position. A) B) C) D) E) to to to to to accept have accepted be accepted have been accepted being accepted
39.Through aquaculture, or fish farming, 500 million tons of fish _____ each year. A) B) C) D) E) have produced are produced have been producing must have produced ought to produce
40.The legal system has many safeguards _____ the right of a defendant to an impartial jury. A) B) C) D) E) to protect to have protected having been protected being protected protects
41.Presidential elections _____ every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. A) B) C) D) E) holds are holding should have held must have held are held
42.The population of the earth ______ at a tremendous rate and soon will be out of control. A) B) C) D) E) increased should be increase must have been increased is increasing has been increased
43.Studies of carcinogenesis in animals _____ data on differences in human susceptibility.

A) B) C) D) E) can provide can be provided would be provided could have been provided will be provided
44.Before the newspaper became widespread, a town crier _____ throughout a village or town singing out the news. A) B) C) D) E) are walking might have been walked would walk have been walking had to be walked
45.All of NASAs manned spacecraft projects _____ at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston. A) B) C) D) E) had to headquarter are headquartered would have headquarter neednt have headquartered should headquarter
46.The cards attaching the computer to its printer _____ before they wear out. A) B) C) D) E) must replace need to be replaced must have replaced would replace neednt have replaced
47.Before the report _____, the information in my colleagues notes and ours _____.
A) B) C) D) E) finalizes/proof is finalizing/are proofing could finalize/can be proofed is finalized/must be proofed must finalize/may be proofed
48.Helicopters ______ more and more in emergency situations because of their ability to reach out-ofthe-way places. A) B) C) D) E) ought to use have to use must have used should have used are being used
49.The air traffic controller _____ for the accident because he had strictly followed the correct procedures. A) B) C) D) E) was not blamed should have blamed neednt have blamed has been blamed would have blamed
50.The worker _____ by the chemical company because he refused to work with certain dangerous chemicals.
A) B) C) D) E) have fired could have fired had to fire was fired would have fired
1.-5. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
The transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest (1) _____ migrations in history. (2) 1. _____ the early 16th to the mid-19th centuries, more than one million Africans were taken from their homes, herded onto ships where they were sometimes so (3) _____ packed that they could barely move and sent to a strange new land. Since others died before boarding the ships, Africas loss of population was (4) _____ greater. By far the largest importers of slaves (5) _____ Brazil and the Caribbean colonies; together, they received more than three-quarters of all Africans brought to the America.
A) B) C) D) E)
forced dedicated separated enclosed captured
The transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest (1) _____ migrations in history. (2) _____ the early 16th to the mid-19th centuries, more than one million Africans were taken from their homes, herded onto ships where they were sometimes so (3) _____ packed that they could barely move and sent to a strange new land. Since others died before boarding the ships, Africas loss of population was (4) _____ greater. By far the largest importers of slaves (5) _____ Brazil and the Caribbean colonies; together, they received more than three-quarters of all Africans brought to the America.
2.
A) Onto B) Between C) From D) Near E) Since
3.
A) sparingly B) tightly C) irresponsibly D) divinely E) movingly
4.
A) some B) hard C) then D) even E) only if
5. A) had been B) has been C) were D) being E) were being
The potato is a new food for Europeans, but it was a staple food for South American Indians long before 200 BC. Spanish slavers brought (1) _____ to Europe in the 16th century. At first people refused (2) _____ it because they thought that it (3) _____ several serious illnesses. (4) _____ 200 years, the potato became accepted everywhere. In fact, in Ireland the potato became so popular that farmers didnt plant (5) _____ crop.
1.
A) B) C) D) E)
themselves itself theirs them it
2.
A) eat B) be eaten C) to be eaten D) to eat E) eating
3.
A) affected B) infected C) made D) had E) caused
4.
A) For B) During C) Within D) Until E) By
5.
A) others B) any other C) another D) some other E) the other
In a natural disaster a hurricane, flood, tornado, volcanic eruption, or other calamity- minutes and even seconds of warning can be the (1) _____ between life and death. Because of this, scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances (2) _____ when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying (3) _____ best to analyze and communicate this information once it (4) _____. The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power (5) _____ devastating results.
1.
A) difference B) link C) disturbance D) relevance E) means
In a natural disaster a hurricane, flood, tornado, volcanic eruption, 2. or other calamity- minutes and even seconds of warning can be the (1) _____ between life and death. Because of this, scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances (2) _____ when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying (3) _____ best to analyze and communicate this information once it (4) _____. The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power (5) _____ devastating results.
A) predicting B) predict C) to predict D) predicted E) having to predict
3.
A) when B) where C) that D) the fact that E) how
4.
A) was obtained B) obtains C) is obtained D) is obtaining E) to obtain
5.
A) on B) in C) at D) with E) by
The earliest known use of money occurred in Mesopotamia around 2500 BC. Replacing the barter system, (1) _____ one good was exchanged for (2) _____, the use of money brought about an explosion in the variety of goods available. In a barter economy a barley farmer, (3) _____, could only acquire those goods that people (4) _____ willing to trade for barley. With money, people could easily (5) _____ exactly what they wanted or needed.
1.
A) B) C) D) E) when in which which that whose
2. A)the other B) the others C)another D) each other E) one another
3. A) for example B) in contrast C) however D) eventually E) since
4.
A) B) C) D) E) had been are would be will be were
5. A) embezzle B) apprehend C) loan D) purchase E) lease
Weather has played a large, and sometimes direct, part in human history. 1)_______climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East , and ice ages in Northern Europe ), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded 2) ________ on the course of human history. One such event that 3) ______ is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281. The Little Ice Age of the 14th to 18th centuries had wide ranging effects in the northern4) _______ , including decimating the fledgling Viking colonies of greenland, catalyzing the formation of leagues among the Native Americans groups in North America, and forcing the change of patterns of agriculture 5) _______ Europe to accommodate the shortened growing season.
1.
A) B) C) D) E)
from through aside from until even
2. A) approximately B) directly C) roughly D) deliberately E) fairly
3. A) is celebrating B) was celebrating C) is celebrated D) had been celebrating E) will be celebrating
4. A) hemisphere B) presentation C) celebrity D) conclusion E) apprehension
5. A) across B) between C) among D) as E) off
Christmas is a Christian holiday held on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. Eastern Orthodox Churches, 1) ______ use the Julian Calendar to determine feast days, celebrate on January 7 by the Gregorian Calendar. Both dates are merely traditional and 2) ________ is thought to be the actual birth date of Jesus. Christ's birth, or nativity, is said 3) ______ Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming of a messiah, or savior. 4) ______ Western countries, Christmas has become the most economically significant holiday of the year. The popularity of Christmas can be traced in part to its status 5) ________ a winter festival. Many cultures have their most important holiday in winter because there is less agricultural work to do at this time.
1. A) B) C) D) E) which that where when how
2. A) neither some C) several none E) others B)
D)
3. A) to fulfill B) to be fulfilled C) to have been fulfilled D) having fulfilled E) having been fulfilled
4. A) Out B) Within C) In D) Among E) Between
5. A) B) C) D) E) like alike similar as different
5. A) B) C) D) E) like alike similar as different
A chimney is a system for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. They are typically almost vertical to ensure 1) _______ the hot gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion 2) _______ the chimney effect also known as the stack effect. The space inside a chimney 3) _______ a flue. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the US, the term smokestack -colloquially, stackis also used when 4) ______ to locomotive and ship chimneys. The term funnel is sometimes used to refer to locomotive chimneys. Chimneys are tall to increase their draw of air for combustion and to disperse pollutants in the flue gases over a greater area 5) _______ reduce the pollutant concentrations in compliance with regulatory or other limits.
1. A) when B) how C) where D) that E) which
2. A) through B) off C) within D) around E) across
3. A) B) C) D) E) has called is called will have called had been called will be calling
4. A) being referred B) to refer C) referring D) to have referred E) having been referred
5. A) so that so as to therefore but E) still B) C) D)
The portrait, as it is known today, was born in the Renaissance. In fact, portraits (1) _____ before the Renaissance, of course: (2) _____ think of the Pharaohs with their colossal statues, or the busts of the Roman emperors, (3) _____ those figures seemed very (4) _____. Renaissance artists, by contrast, sought to create not just a likeness of their subjects, but also (5) ______ of their spirit.
1. A) exist B) would exist C) have existed D) would have existed E) had existed
2. A) Just B) Already C) Always D) Usually E) Previously
3. A) whenever B) when C) but D) while E) so far as
4. A) principal B) prospective C) enthusiastic D) recent E) remote
5. A) many B) anything C) something D) any E) few

7-Passive Voice &amp; Causative Form

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7-Passive Voice &amp; Causative Form

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Passive Voice & Causative Forms

Eylemi gerekletiren kii (agent) akca metinden anlalyorsa

Aadaki cmlelerin neden Passive yapldn belirtiniz.

Passive voice by veya with.

(such as filled, packed, etc.)

8. Modal fiil + active infinitive

Modal fiil + passive infinitive

The roads are washed almost everyday.

My mother cooks the meal.

The meal is cooked by mother.

12- Yalnzca ardna isim alan transitive verbs passive yaplabilir.

13. Gnlk dildeki birtakm ifadelerde be yerine get kullanlabilir.

by+agent aadaki durumlarda karlr.

Active Voice She makes the cake.

Passive Voice The cake is made. The cake was made.

Structure Present Continuous

Active Voice She is making cake.

Passive Voice The cake is being made.

She will make The cake will be the cake. made.

She will have made the cake.

The cake will have been made.

Present Infinitive Perfect Infinitive

He likes people asking him to sing.

He likes being asked to sing.

Dont let people tease you. Dont let yourself be teased.

Will he be made to obey the new regulations at the office?

Will they make him obey the new regulations?

She loves being followed by her admirers everywhere.

She loves her admirers following her.

He is known to have left the office.

His flat was burgled.

Dont let her make fun of you.

Dont let yourself be made fun of.

Who was President JFK assassinated by?

STATIVE PASSIVE The Meaning of Stative Passive

At home, the lights are turned off by my father before we go to bed.

COMMON STATIVE VERBS USED WITH PREPOSITIONS

I cant recognize that man. Are you acquainted with him ?

addicted to Unfortunately, some teenagers are addicted to alcohol or even drugs.

annoyed at / about someone

Look what youve done. You should be ashamed of yourself!

The theory of evolution is based on the argument about natural selection.

committed to Brad is a man of philanthropy. He is committed to helping the needy.

composed of The main board of a computer is composed of a number of processing agents.

Serendipity is defined as pleasant coincidences.

The verb communicate is derived from the Latin word communicare.

Sarah is a doctor and she is devoted to her career as an academician.

divided into / from

engaged to Jessica is engaged to an Irish man (nianl)

Holland is known for its unique tulips.

located in / on / at / Turkey is located between between.. Asia and Europe.

Id been married to a witch before I got divorced.

Im opposed to all kinds of discrimination, whether it be gender or age discrimination.

Life is full of surprises and it seems impossible to be prepared for everything.

Guests will be provided with two main meals each day.

Werent you scared of the mad look he gave?

The mechanical scanning is synchronized with the scan of a television tube.

Im tired of country villages where everybody lives in everybody elses pocket!

upset with someone

B. Complete the following sentences by using the correct preposition.

12 I can start cooking when I am finished with ____________ this repair.

PASSIVE WITH GET

Nesnenin durumundaki deiiklik

7-Passive Voice & Causative Form

7-Passive Voice & Causative Form