DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Subramanyam
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : Computer Engg.
Institute : Q.Q.Govt.Polytechnic,Hyderabad.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : UNIX & C
Subject Code : CM-304
Topic : Bitwise operators
Duration : 50 Min
Sub Topic : Bitwise operators
Teaching Aids : PPTs, Animation

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 Recap

 What is an operator?
 What are the different types of operators?
 What are the arithmetic Operators?
 What are the Relational Operators?
 What are the different assignment Operators?
 Are the above operators work on bits?

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 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to know
 Bit-wise operators.
 Hierarchy of bitwise operators.
 Operations on bitwise operators.

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 Bit-wise operators

 Used to manipulate data at bit level.

 Bitwise data manipulations are machine
dependent.
 Storing booleans efficiently.
 Communicating directly with hardware.
 Work on integer operands only.

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 Bit-wise operators
Contd..

SNO Operator Meaning

1 >> Right shift

2 << Left shift

3 ^ Exclusive OR(XOR)

4 ~ One’s complement

5 & Bitwise AND

6 ! Bitwise OR
Fig.1
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 Hierarchy

SNo Operator Priority Associativity

1 ~ 1 right to left
2 <<,>> 2 left to right
3 & 3 left to right
4 ^ 4 left to right
5 | 5 left to right
Fig.2

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 Truth Table

a b a|b a&b a^b

1 1 1 1 0

1 0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

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 Left shift(<<)

 Shifting all bits left by a certain amount.

 Syntax
 op1 << op2
 Shifts bits of op1 left by distance op2;
 Rightmost bits which are shifted filled with ‘0’
bits.

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 Example
int i, j;
i = 13;
j = i << 2;

Binary equivalent of decimal 13

i=13 0000000000001101
(a)

J=i<<2 0000000000110100 (b
)
Fig.3 (a) before shift (b) after shift
J value is 53
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 Right shift(>>)

 Shifting all bits right by a certain amount.

 Syntax
 op1 >> op2

 Shifts bits of op1 right by distance op2;

 Leftmost bits which are shifted filled with ‘0’ bits.

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 Example
int i, j;
i = 13;
j = i >> 2;

Binary equivalent of decimal 13

i=13 0000000000001101 (a)

J=i>>2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (b)

Fig .4 (a) before shift, (b) after shift

J is now 3
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 Bitwise AND(&)
Syntax: Op & Op2
int i = 21, j = 56;
int k = i & j;
(a)
i=21 0000000000010101

J=56 0000000000111000 (b)

k=i & j 0000000000010000 (c )

k value is 16 Fig .5

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 Bitwise OR( | )
Syntax: Op1 | op2
i = 21; j = 56;
k = i | j;
i=21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 (a)

J=56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 (b)

k=i | j 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 (c)
k value is 61 Fig .6

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 Bitwise XOR( ^ )
Syntax: op1 ^ op2
i = 21; j = 56;
k = i ^ j;
i=21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 (a)

J=56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 (b)

k=i ^ j 0000 000000101101(c)

k value is 45 Fig.7

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 Bitwise One’s complement( ~ )
Syntax: ~op1
i = 21;
k = ~i;

i=21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 (a)

k=~i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 (b)

Fig.8
k value is 65514

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Example

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Example

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 Summary
 C provides left and right shift operators to shift
bits in a byte or word.
 The &, |, ^ and ~ operators are used to perform
bitwise operations.
 The bitwise operators are used to manipulate
data at bit level.
 System programming can be developed.

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 Quiz

1)What is the result of 16<<2?

a)8
b)32
c)64
d)4

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 Quiz

1)What is the result of 16<<2?

a)8
b)32
c)64
d)4

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 Quiz

2)What is the result of 16>>2?

a)4
b)8
c)2
d)5

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 Quiz

2)What is the result of 16>>2?

a)4
b)8
c)2
d)5

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 Quiz

3)What is value of 10 & 7 ?

a)10
b)7
c)2
d)4

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 Quiz

3)What is value of 10 & 7 ?

a)10
b)7
c)2
d)4

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 Frequently Asked questions

1)List the bitwise operators.

2)Explain bitwise operators with examples.

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