DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : U.Rajya Lakshmi
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Computer Engg.,
Institute : Govt.Polytechnic for Women,
PALAMANER.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Computer Architecture
Subject Code : CM-303
Topic : CPU Organization
Sub Topic : Functional units of CPU
Duration : 50 Min
Teaching aids : PPT,drawings
CM303. 2 1
 Recap

• What are the various functional units of a digital

computer?

• Which unit is called as the brain of the

computer?

CM303. 2 2
 Recap of previous lesson

• Digital Computer
processes digital data
information is represented in the form of 0s and 1s
• Various functional units
CPU, Memory unit, input unit and output unit

CM303. 2 3
 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to learn
• The major functional units of CPU
• Function of each unit of CPU

CM303. 2 4
 Digital Computer
• Uses binary number system (0,1) to represent
information

• Data and Instructions are represented as

combinations of 0s and 1s

• The major components are

• CPU
• Memory unit
• Input and output devices
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 Central Processing Unit

• Central and vital part of the computer

• Performs bulk data processing operations

• Controls the operation of all other parts of

the computer

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 Functional Units of CPU

Register unit ALU

CU
Data line
control line
Fig.1
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 Functional Units of CPU

CPU is made up of three major components

• Register unit or Internal Memory

• Control unit
• Arithmetic and Logical unit

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 Arithmetic and Logical Unit
• Performs all arithmetic and logical operations

• Arithmetic operations are basic mathematical

operations such as +, -, *, /

• Logical operations are comparisons such as <,

>, <=, >=,!=
• Other operations are shift and rotation etc.,

CM303. 2 9
 Control Unit(CU)

• Controls and coordinates all the other units by

sending timing and control signals

• Coordinates data transfer operation among

registers

• Instructs the ALU as to which operation to perform

• Generates control signals to execute the given

operation by the ALU
CM303. 2 10
 Register Unit

• Contains a set of high speed registers

• Registers hold data and instructions temporarily

• Each register has a certain function

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 Register Unit
• Include
General purpose registers
and
Special purpose registers
• Some important registers are
Program Counter(PC)
Instruction register(IR)
Accumulator(AC) etc.,

CM303. 2 12
 Summary
In this class you have learnt
the various units of CPU
• ALU
performs all operations on given data
• Register set
Used to store data temporarily
• Control Unit
Controls all other units of the computer system

CM303. 2 13
 Quiz
1. Registers are used to store
a) data
b) instructions
c) control information
d) all the above

CM303. 2 14
 Quiz
1. Registers are used to store

a) data
b) instructions
c) control information
d) all the above

CM303. 2 15
 Quiz

2. Registers store information

a) temporarily
b) permanently

CM303. 2 16
 Quiz

2. Registers store information

a) temporarily
b) permanently

CM303. 2 17
 Quiz
3. One important register is

a) DC
b) AC
c) PR

CM303. 2 18
 Quiz

3. One important register is

a) DC
b) AC
c) PR

CM303. 2 19
 Frequently Asked Questions

1. List the functional units of CPU.

2. List the functional units of each unit.
3. With the help of a diagram, explain the
function of each unit.

CM303. 2 20