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The radio navigation aids enable the crew to navigate and monitor aircraft position.

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VOR 1
VOR 2

ILS 1

The A320 is equipped with: Two VORs, Two DMEs,

ILS 2

Two ILSs
One or two ADFs, depending on the airplane. GPS equipped aircraft have no ADFs. Each DME is in reality a 5 channel time-sharing unit. One channel is associated with a VOR, one with the ILS, and the others are used for navigation.
DME 1 DME 2 ADF 2? ADF 1

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VOR 1

VOR 2

DME 1

FMGC 1

FMGC 2

DME 2

ILS 1

ILS 2

The FMGC can automatically tune the VOR, DME and ILS for position updating and display purposes. Note that the ADF cannot be auto tuned, and is not used for navigation by the FMGC.

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The radio navigation itself is controlled by both FMGCs, and can be monitored through MCDU pages.

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VOR 1
VOR 2 ILS 2

ILS 1

DME 1 DME 2

Either MCDU, via the RAD NAV page, enables the crew to manually tune a specific nav aid, including the ADF. FMGC auto tuning continues normally in the background.

ADF 1 ADF 2

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ILS 1

ILS 2

Note that when an ILS approach is selected : ILS 1 is displayed on PFD 1 and ND 2, ILS 2 is displayed on PFD 2 and ND

1.

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As you have seen in EFIS chapter, the MODE selector enables the pilot to select different ND modes to display flight plan and nav aids data. PLAN mode is recommended when entering and checking the flight plan. However, nav aid data cannot be displayed in this mode.

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Modes displaying nav aids

ADF-VOR selectors

In all the other modes--ROSE ILS, ROSE VOR, ROSE NAV and ARC-- the nav aids can be displayed provided the ADF-VOR selectors have been switched to VOR or ADF position. Here, as an example, the ROSE VOR mode is selected with ADF 1 and VOR 2.

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ADF 1

VOR 2

The ADF is shown as a green pointer, here ADF #1. VORs are white pointers, in this example VOR 2. Note also that the receiver 1 data is displayed on the left side of the ND and the receiver 2 data on the right side. The associated nav aid data is displayed at the bottom of the ND in their respective colors and sides.

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ROSE NAV mode

ARC mode ROSE VOR mode

ROSE ILS mode

Presented here are all the available modes for the ND.

PLAN mode MENU MENU


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In the unlikely event of a double FMGC failure, the back up tuning mode provides radio navigation redundancy to the crew.
VOR 1 VOR 2

The back up tuning mode is accessed via the Radio Management Panels (RMP).

ILS 1 ILS 2

FMGC 1 FMGC 2

DME 1 DME 2

ADF 1 ADF 2

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VOR 1 DME 1

ADF 1

VOR 2 DME 2

ADF 2

For nav aid tuning, RMP 1 STBY NAV keys are associated with VOR/DME 1 and ADF 1, while RMP 2 keys are associated with VOR/DME 2 and ADF 2.

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ILS 1 ILS 2

Either RMP 1 or 2 can tune the ILS.

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To access the back up tuning mode, the NAV key has to be pressed.

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When the back up tuning mode is selected, i.e. NAV key illuminated, the control of the associated receivers is transferred to the RMP and the nav aid tuning capability of both FMGCs is lost. This is indicated on the MCDU by a change to the RAD NAV page which shows only the titles in dull white. To return the control to the FMGC, the NAV key has to be pressed again.

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Once backup tuning has been selected, the crew must select the desired type of nav aid: VOR, ILS, or ADF.

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The DDRMI is instrument panel.

on

the

main

The DDRMI displays raw data from ADF, VOR, and DME sources, and presents a traditional RMI and bearing pointer presentation.

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Two bearing pointers are provided, each readily identifiable by its shape with its radio source. Each can display either VOR or ADF information, depending on selector position.

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Each pointer has an associated control knob.

The left knob selects either VOR 1 or ADF 1 The right knob selects VOR 2 or ADF 2, if installed.
Here, VOR 1 and VOR 2 are selected.

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ADIRU 1

The compass card displays bearing information from ADIRU 1.

the

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VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 1 pointer and data are shown on the ND. Display VOR 2 data.

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VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 LAL 15.4 NM

The left side of the ND shows information from receiver 1, and the right side data from receiver 2.

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VOR 1 VOR 1 LAL LAL 15.4 NM 15.4 NM


Note the symbol next to the VOR title. It is a reduced scale representation of the #1 VOR single needle pointer. Since the VOR data and the pointer is displayed, both receivers consider the VOR signal as valid. On the second line, the VOR identifier appears. On the third line, the DME distance appears in green.

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VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 LAL 15.4 NM

To see the nav aids automatically tuned by the FMGC, we have to call the RAD NAV page.

Call the RAD NAV page.

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LAL / 1 1 2. 0 0

1 1 2. 0 0 / LAL

VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 LAL 15.4 NM

You can see on the RAD NAV page that the FMGC has automatically tuned the VOR Lima Alpha Lima on both receivers. The identifiers are shown on the RAD/NAV page and on the bottom of the ND. Note that the identifiers on the RAD/NAV page are in small font.

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LAL / 1 1 2. 0 0

1 1 2. 0 0 / LAL

VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 LAL 15.4 NM

Now we will manually tune VOR # 2. The identifier, Mike Echo Lima" is already typed into the scratchpad. Insert it by selecting line key 1R..

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LAL / 1 12. 0 0

VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 MEL -- -.- NM

The VOR identifier on the MCDU is in large font, indicating a manual selection. On the ND, this is confirmed by a tiny underlined M beside the VOR 2 data location. Because a valid signal has not been received from the VOR, the associated data and pointer are not shown.

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VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

The #2 VOR is now receiving a valid signal from the VOR; the associated pointer and data are displayed on the ND, along with the M, again indicating that the VOR has been manually tuned. Since the VOR is not equipped with a DME, the DME indication is replaced by green dashes. Now select the ILS switch on the EFIS control panel. MENU MENU
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ICRR 109.30 2.5

VOR 1 LAL 15.4 NM

VOR 2 MEL -- -.- NM

On the PFD, you can check the ILS identifier, India Charlie Romeo Romeo," and the frequency and the course. The course is also indicated on the ND. The check and the selection of the nav aids is now complete.

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The objective of the navigation accuracy check is to compare the raw data from the tuned nav aids with the corresponding FM computed data.

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This check also has to be performed whenever the following cases occur: - The PROG page displays LOW accuracy. - NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD message appears on the MCDU and on the ND. - Prior to beginning a descent.

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To perform this check, you have to use the selected nav aids and display them on the ND.

We have set the ND range to 80. The VOR Sierra Papa Romeo has been manually tuned on receiver 1 and the VOR Papa Alpha Sierra on receiver 2.
Note that the VOR Papa Alpha Sierra is the next TO waypoint of the flight plan. MENU MENU
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FM computed distance

Compare these two distances

DME distance

There are two ways to do this check. The first method is to compare the TO waypoint distance, which is FM computed data, with the corresponding nav aid DME distance.

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The second method is to insert a VOR/DME ident in the BRG/DIST TO field on the PROG page and to compare the computed BRG/DIST with the raw data on the ND. We have typed the VOR/DME ident SPR in the scratchpad for you. Insert SPR in BRG / DIST field.

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Computed BRG / DIST

DME distance

Compare these two distances

The PROG page now displays the computed bearing and distance to the selected nav aid. The distances shown on the ND and on the PROG page can be compared.

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Whatever method is used, if the error is less than 1 NM, the check is positive and the FM position is reliable. The SOP recommends to use the ND in ARC or NAV mode and managed lateral guidance. If the error is greater than 1 NM, you can consider that the FM position is not reliable. In such a case, the SOP requires you to use raw data for navigation and to monitor it.

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LIST OF SUBJECTS
Nav Aids FMGS MCDU ILS Displays Interfaces & Controls Backup Nav RMP, NAV Key RMP, STBY NAV Keys DDRMI RETURN TO PROGRAM Nav Selection & Indications Checking NAV Accuracy

EXIT PROGRAM

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