STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

AND TRAINING ANDHRA PRADESH

Name of the faculty : T.Madhavi Kumari

Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg..
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic ,Vijayawada
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics –I
Subject Code : EE-305
Topic : Introduction to Amplifiers
Duration : 1H 40 Minutes
Sub Topic : 5.3 Collector to Base Bias
Teaching aids : PPT, animation, diagram
1
EE305,60TO61
 RECAP

• Already we discussed about the

• Types of biasing circuits

• Why fixed bias is not used.

• Brief review on disadvantages of Fixed bias.

3
EE305,60TO61
Objectives

After the completion of the period student will be able to

• Draw the Circuit diagram of Collector to Base Bias

• Analyze the circuit
• Determine the operating point
• Understand the stabilization of the operating point in
collector to base bias.
• Know the advantages and disadvantages of collector
to base bias

2
EE305,60TO61
Collector to base bias circuit

4
EE305,60TO61
Circuit details

• RB is connected between the base and the collector

• Zero signal base current is determined by the

collector base voltage VCB

• VCB forward biases the base-emitter junction

• Base current IB flows through RB.

• This causes the zero signal collector current ICto flow

in the circuit
5
EE305,60TO61
Circuit analysis

Apply KVL to the base circuit loop.

VCC = (IC+IB)RC+IBRB+VBE
IB<<IC
VCC = ICRC+IBRB+VBE

VCC − VBE − ICRC

RB =
IB
6
EE305,60TO61
Determination of Operating point
• Zero signal collector current
Apply KVL to the base circuit
VCC = (IC+IB)RC+IBRB+VBE
IB<<IC
• VCC= ICRC+IBRB+VBE

IC= βIB

• VCC= βIBV +IB−

RCCC RBV
+V
BEBE
IB = IC= βIB
RB + β RC
EE305,60TO61 7
Expression for collector -emitter voltage

Apply KVL to the collector –

emitter loop

VCC=VCE+(IC+IB)RC

IB<<IC

=VCE+ICRC
VCE=VCC-ICRC
EE305,60TO61 8
Pb1. Fig shows a silicon transistor biased by feedback
resistor method. Determine the operating point.
given that β=100.
Sol: Given data
VCC=20V,RB=100KΩ
RC=1KΩ,Si transistor,
VBE=O.7V

VCC - VBE - ICRC

RB =
IB

, C= βIB, IC=9.6mA
IB=0.096mA ,I

VCE=VCC-ICRC

VCE=10.4V
EE305,60TO61
9
Pb2.It is desired to set the operating point at 2V, 1mA
by biasing a Si transistor with feed resistor RB. If

β=100,find the value of RB

Sol: Given Si transistor
VBE=0.7V,VCE=2V ,IC=1mA

VCE=VBE+VCB

VCB=1.3V

RB=VCB/IB

IB=IC /β=0.01mA

EE305,60TO61 10
RB =130K Ω
Expression for Stability factor

Apply KVL to the base circuit

IB(RB+RC)+VBE+ICRC = VCC

VCC − VBE − ICRC

IB = Eq.1
RB + RC

FIG 1
EE305,60TO61 11
Expression for Stability factor(continued)

Differentiating Eq.1 w.r.t Ic

Where VBE is independent of IC

dIB − RC
= Eq.2
dIC RB + RC

β +1
We Know that S =
dIB Eq.3
1 −β
dIC 12
EE305,60TO61
Substitute this value in Eq.3

β +1
S=
βRC Eq.4
1+
RB + RC

• This value is less than (1+β).

• It provides better stability than fixed bias.

EE305,60TO61
13
 Stabilisation of the operating point

• If temperature increases the collector leakage current ICBO

(minority carrier current) increases .
• IC = β Iβ + (1+β) ICBO increases.
• Voltage drop across RC (=ICRC) increases.
• VCE (=VCC-ICRC) decreases.
• Forward bias of base emitter junction VCB (=VCE-VBE)
decreases.
• Base current IB decreases.
• The smaller IB tends to decrease the collector current to
original value.
EE305,60TO61 14
 Stabilisation

BETTER
STABILISATION
ICEO
IB

ICBO IC IC

VCE
T
FIG 2
EE305,60TO61 15
Advantages:

• It is simple method as it requires only one resistance

RB.

4. Provides better stabilization than fixed bias

EE305,60TO61 16
Disadvantages

1. The operating point is not perfectly stabilized against

variations in transistor parameters

6. It provides a negative feedback which reduces the gain

the amplifier

EE305,60TO61
17
Negative feedback action

• IC = β Iβ + (1+β) ICBO increases.

• Voltage drop across RC (=ICRC) increases.

• VCE (=VCC-ICRC) decreases.

• Forward bias of base emitter junction VCB (=VCE-VBE)

decreases.
• Base current IB decreases.
• IC decreases

EE305,60TO61
18
Summary

We have to discussed about the

• Circuit diagram of collector to base bias

• Determination of the operating point
• Expression for the stability factor
• Stabilisation of the operating point in collector to base
bias
• Advantages of collector to base bias.
• Disadvantages of collector to base bias.

EE305,60TO61 19
 Collector to base bias Derivations
VCC − VBE − ICRC
Base resistance RB =
IB

Base current VCC − VBE − ICRC

IB =
RB + RC

Collector current IC= βIB

Collector–Emitter voltage VCE=VCC-ICRC

β +1
S=
Stability factor βRC
1+
RB + RC
EE305,60TO61
20
 QUIZ

• In collector to base bias method RB is connected

between

(a) supply and base

(b) collector and base

(c) emitter and base

(d) emitter and collector

EE305,60TO61 21
• If the value of collector current IC increases then the
value of VCE

(a) Remains the same

(b) Decreases

(c) Increases

(d) None of the above

EE305,60TO61 21
3. The stability factor of a collector feedback bias circuit is
--- that of base resistor bias.

(a) The same as

(b) More than

(c) Less than

(d) None of the above

EE305,60TO61
22
Frequently asked questions

• Draw the circuit diagram of collector to base bias .

• Derive the expressions for collector current IC and

collector to emitter voltage VCE.

• Explain how stabilization is achieved by collector to

base bias method.

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of

collector to base bias.

EE305,60TO61 23