DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION,A.P.
Name : B.RAJARAO
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & communication Engg
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Visakhapatnam
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics -I
Subject Code : EE-305
Topic : Special devices
Duration : 50Mts.
Sub Topic : Working principal of LED
Teaching Aids : Diagrams

EE-305.50 .
 Recap

• Already we know about the

• PN junction diode constructional details.

• PN junction diode working principle.

• PN junction diode characteristics.

EE-305.50 2
 Objectives

Upon completion of this period the student will be able to

know

• The terminals of LED.

• LED terminal identification.

• LED construction.

EE-305.50 3
Do you know

• How PN junction is formed.

• What is meant by photo emission

about light indicators.

EE-305.50 4
Working principle of LED

DEVICE CIRCUIT SYMBOL

ANODE CATHODE

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.

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Working principle of LED

• LIGHT EMITTING
DIODES

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.

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Working principle of LED

• The most important part of a

light emitting diode(LED) is the
semi-conductor chip located in
the center of the bulb as shown
at the right.

• The chip has two regions

separated by a junction.

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Working principle of LED

• The p region is
dominated by positive
electric charges, and the EMITTED LIGHT
n region is dominated by
negative electric charges.
P TYPE HOLES

• The junction acts as a

barrier to the flow of N TYPE
ELECTRONS

electrons between the p

and the n regions.

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Working principle of LED

EMITTED LIGHT
• Only when sufficient
voltage is applied to the
semi-conductor chip, can P TYPE HOLES

the current flow, and the ELECTRONS

electrons cross the N TYPE

junction into the p region.

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Working principle of LED

• When sufficient voltage is

applied to the chip across
the leads of the LED . EMITTED LIGHT

• The electrons can move P TYPE HOLES

easily in only one direction

across the junction N TYPE
ELECTRONS

between the p and n

regions.

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Working principle of LED

• In the p region there are

many more positive than
negative charges. EMITTED LIGHT

P
• In the n region the
N
electrons are more
numerous than the
positive electric charges.

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Working principle of LED

• When a voltage is applied EMITTED LIGHT

and the current starts to

flow, electrons in the n
region have sufficient P
energy to move across
the junction into the p N
region.

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Working principle of LED

• Once in the p region the

EMITTED LIGHT
electrons are immediately
attracted to the positive
charges due to the P
mutual Coulomb forces of
attraction between N
opposite electric charges.

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Working principle of LED

• Once in the p region the

electrons are immediately EMITTED LIGHT

attracted to the positive

charges due to the
P
mutual Coulomb forces of
attraction between N
opposite electric charges.

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Working principle of LED

• When an electron moves

EMITTED LIGHT
sufficiently close to a
positive charge in the p
region. P

• The two charges

"recombine".

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 Working principle of LED

• Each time an electron

EMITTED LIGHT
recombines with a
positive charge, electric
potential energy is P
converted into
electromagnetic energy. N

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Working principle of LED

• For each recombination

of a negative and a EMITTED LIGHT

positive charge, a
quantum of
P
electromagnetic energy is
emitted in the form of a N
photon of light

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 Summary

• In forward bias condition LED emits light radiation.

• Similar to PN junction diode LED also contains two

terminals.

• The terminals are anode and cathode.

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 Quiz

1) In infrared LED the emission of light.

(c) Red.

(e) Green.

• Invisible.

• Yellow.

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 Frequently asked questions

• Explain the constructional details of LED.

• Explain the working principle of LED.

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