DEPARTMENT OF TECHINCAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : D.RAVI KUMAR
Designation : Lecturer in ECE

Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.

Institute : Andhra polytechnic, Kakinada
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Digital Electronics
Subject code : CM-305
Topic : Counters & Registers (2/20)
Sub Topic : Logic diagram of Mod-8 ripple counter
Duration : 50min.
Teaching aids : PPT & Animations
CM305.42 1
Objectives

On the completion of this period, you will be able to

know

• The meaning of modulus of a counter.

• To draw the asynchronous counter using positive edge

triggered flip-flops.

• To draw the asynchronous counter using negative edge

triggered flip-flops.

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 Recap
• Synchronous and asynchronous counters
Flip-flops used to design ripple counter

• To design a ripple counter either JK or T-flip-flops can be

used.

• We will get T-flip-flop from JK-flip-flop if J and K are

shorted.

• These flip-flops have to be used in Toggle condition to

design a ripple counter.

• Toggle condition occurs when J=K=1 or T=1.

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Truth table of the J-K & T-flip-flops

JK-flip-flop T-flip-flop

J K Q
0 0 NC T Q
0 1 0
1 0 1 0 NC
1 1 Toggl 1 Toggle
e

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About ripple counter

• A ripple counter is also known as asynchronous counter.

• In a ripple counter generally only the 1st flip-flop, i.e. the

LSB flip-flop, is triggered by the external clock signal.

• Each successive flip-flop is triggered by the output of the

previous flip-flop.

• The propagation delay of the flip-flops help in triggering

the flip-flops asynchronously.

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Modulus of a counter

• The modulus (MOD) of a counter is the number of states

through which the counter can go.

• The maximum number of states of an n-bit counter is

N=2n

• Hence the maximum modulus of an n-bit counter is

N=2n.

• A MOD-n counter counts from 0 to N-1.

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• A MOD-8 ripple counter counts from 0 to 7.

• The counter divides the input frequency by its modulus.

• A modulo-n counter is also called divide N counter

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State diagram of mod-8 counter

1
8

2
7

3
6

4
5

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Edge triggered flip-flops

• In general counters are designed using edge triggered

flip-flops.

• There are two types of edge triggered flip-flops namely

• Positive edge triggered flip-flops.

• Negative edge triggered flip-flops.

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Block diagram of edge triggered flip-flops

Positive edge triggered negative edge triggered

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• In the above block diagrams the triangle inside the block
at clock signal indicates that it is an edge triggered flip-
flop.

• The bubble at the clock signal indicates that it is a

negative edge triggered flip-flop.

• No bubble indicates that it is a positive edge triggered

flip-flop.

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+ ve edge triggered MOD-8 ripple counter

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- ve edge triggered MOD-8 ripple counter

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Summary

• J K F/F or T F/F can be used to construct counter

• Counters are two types:
• Synchronous
• Asynchronous.
• A ripple counter is asynchronous counter.
• The no. of output states of counter is known as modulus of
counter
• A modulo-N counter divides the input frequency by N.
• A modulo- N counter is also known as divide N counter.

15
CM305.42
Quiz

1. The flip-flops used to design ripple counter are

a. SR-flip-flop

b. D-flip-flop

c. JK-flip-flop

d. none

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2. A 3-bit ripple counter can count

a. 5 clock pulses

b. 6 clock pulses

c. 8 clock pulses

d. all of the above

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Questions

1. Define the modulus of a counter.

3. What is an asynchronous counter?

5. Distinguish between edge triggering and level

triggering.

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Assignment

1) Draw the timing diagram of modulo-8 counter.

3) Differentiate + ve edge triggered and –ve edge

triggered modulo-8 counter.

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