DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : V.S.RAMANJAM.
Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : SGPR Govt Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year / Semester : IIIrd Semester.
Subject : Analog Communication.
Subject Code : EC305.
Topic : Understand Communication Systems.
Duration : 50 Mts.
Sub Topic : Multiplexing.
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.
EC305.8 1
OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to

understand
• What is multiplexing?

• Types of multiplexing

• FDM (frequency division multiplying) and TDM (time

division multiplexing)

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INTRODUCTION

What is Multiplexing?
• The multiplexing is a process of transmitting two or
more individual signals simultaneously over a single
communication channel without interferance.
• It refers to combining of two or more information
signals before transmission.

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INTRODUCTION

• More information can be transmitted using

multiplexing techniques.
• A multiplexer is used at the transmitting end.
• At the receiver end a De-Multiplexer is used.
• Telephony and Telemetry systems are most common
applications of multiplexing.

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Types of Multiplexing

• It is broadly divided in to two types

– Frequency division multiplexing (FDM).
– Time division multiplexing (TDM).
• FDM system are used for analog signals
• TDM system are used for digital signals.

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Frequency Division Multiplexing

Introduction
• FDM is based on the fact that a number of signals
can share the band width of common communication
channel.
• Multiple signals modulate different carriers.

EC305.8 6
Introduction

• Each signal to be transmitted is used to modulate a

separate carrier.

• Each carrier has different frequency.

• The modulated carriers are then added together to

form a simple complex signal that is transmitted over
the single channel.

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TRANSMITTING END OF FDM SYSTEM

M1(t) Modulator1

Linear Group For tx on

Carrier fc1
adder modulator channel
M2(t) Modulator 2

Group
Carrier fc2
Carrier fcg
Mn(t) Modulator n

Carrier fcn Fig 1

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• The general block diagram of FDM is shown in Figure 1.

• Each signal to be transmitted is fed to a modulator

circuit.

• The carrier for each modulation is on a different

frequency.

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• In general carrier frequencies are equally spaced from

one another over a specific frequency range.

• Outputs of modulators are combined in a linear mixer.

• The resulting output system is a composite of all carriers

containing their modulation.

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THE RECEIVEING END OF FDM SYSTEM

fc1
BPF Channel
M1(t)
demodulator
From Tx-channel
fc2
Group BPF Channel
M2(t)
demodulator demodulator

fcn Channel
BPF Mn(t)
Fig 2 demodulator
EC305.8 11
• At the receiving end a receiver picks ups the signal and

demodulates the composite signal.

• This is sent to a group of band pass filters.

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• Each band pass filter is designed to pass a specific band

of frequencies, that is centered on one of the carrier

frequencies.

• Thus each filter passes only its channel and rejects all

others.

• A channel demodulator then recovers each original input

signal.

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

INTRODUCTION

• It is alternative method for using a single communication

channel to send many signals.

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• In FDM each signal is allocated only a portion of the
available bandwidth.
• In TDM each signal can occupy the entire bandwidth of
the channel.
• The time is shared among the signals and hence it is
named as Time division multiplexing.
• TDM is especially used for pulse modulation system.

EC305.8 15
DIAGRAM OF TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

M 1(t) PAM PAM

For tx on channel M 1(t)
modulator TDM demodulator
TDM
M 2(t) PWM Modulator
De-multiplex PWM M 2(t)
modulator (commutator)
demodulator
M 3(t) PCM De-commutator
modulator
Synchronizing PCM M 3(t)
Pulse generator demodulator

Fig 3

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• When TDM is used the pulses of different signals are
usually distinguished by the reference are synchronizing
pulses.

• The sync pulses are different from intelligence carrying

pulses.

• The main purpose of using synchronizing pulses Is to

provide proper synchronism between multiplexing
circuits at the transmitter and receiver ends.

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• The three different signals are modulated with different
pulse modulating circuits.

• Resulted modulated pulses are combined using TDM

circuit that gives out a multiplexed pulse train which is
transmitted.

• At the receiving end TDM de-multiplexing separates the

pulse trains and then applied to the individual detector
circuits.

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Summary

In this topic we have leant about:

• Principle of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) with a

block diagram and its working.

• Principle of time division multiplexing (TDM) with a block

diagram and its working

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QUIZ

1. _________ system most common application of

multiplexing.
A. Telegraphy

B. Telephony

C. Television

D. Telemetry
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2. TDM is useful for ___________ modulation.

a. Continuous

b. amplitude

c. Pulse

d. angular

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3. FDM system are used for __________ signals.

A. Analog

B. Digital

C. Both analog & digital

D. Base band

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain about FDM system .

3. Explain about TDM system .

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Assignment Questions

1. What are the applications of TDM & FDM systems.

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