DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : R.Saraswathi.
Designation : Lecturer,
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : Dr.B.R.A.G.M.R.Polytechnic, Bommuru,
E.G.Dist.

Year/Semester : III Semester

Sub. Name : Circuit Theory
Sub. Code : EC-303

Major Topic : Resonance and Coupled Circuits

Duration : 50Mts

Sub. Topic : Expression for the reflected impedance of

an inductively coupled circuit.

EC-303.70 1
Teaching Aids : Circuits and wave forms.
 Objectives

• on completion of this period, you would be able to know:

• Definition of reflected impedance.

• Expression for reflected impedance.

EC-303.70 2
Recap

• In the Previous session we have learnt about

• Self Inductance

• Mutual inductance

• Coupled circuits .

EC-303.70 3
 General analysis of Coupled circuit
• Consider a general coupled circuit below which has two coils

LP and LS coupled by a mutual inductance M, RP, RS are the

respective resistances of the coils. The primary is connected to

IP
generator ‘E’, secondary to load ZL.
IS

ZL
E LP LS

Fig
4.17.1 RP RS
EC-303.70 4
• Using Kirchoff’s law,we can write the loop equations as

E = ( RP + jωLP ) IP − jωMIS (1)

0 = ( RS + jωLS + ZL ) IS − jωIP (2)

From eq (2)

jωMIP
IS =
RS + jωLS + ZL

EC-303.70 5
• Substituting IS value in eq(1) and solving it we get.


E = IP ZP +
(ωM ) 2



 Z 
 S 

Z =
E 

=  ZP +
(ωM ) 2


IP  ZS 

 
Where
• ZP = Total impedance of the Primary coil considering the

secondary coil is absent.

• ZS= Total impedance of secondary when considered

EC-303.70 6
itself.
 Reflected impedance



Z =  ZP +
(ωM ) 2



 ZS 
 
Total primary Impedance of the Reflected impedance
= +
Circuit impedance primary with out Or
secondary Coupled impedance

Reflected impedance
or (ωM ) 2

= ZS
Coupled impedance

EC-303.70 7
• Hence in the case of coupled coils the presence of a secondary

coil increases the impedance of the primary coil.

• This increased amount of impedance due to the presence of

another coil is known as Reflected impedance.

• It is also known as Coupled impedance.

EC-303.70 8
 Nature of Coupled
impedance
• The behavior of a coupled circuit will depend
on
nature of coupled impedance.

• Coupled impedance value will be low if ‘M’ is

very small. In this case coupling is small or
secondary impedance is very high.

• Coupled impedance has the same phase angle a

does the secondary impedance ZS,but of
opposite EC-303.70 9
 Reflected impedance for untuned coupled circuits

RP

LP LS RS

Fig 4.17.2

• It is coupled circuit that is provided with a resistance in the

secondary winding.

• Such load resistance in the secondary coil offer an impedance

which is a series combination of the load resistance and secondary
inductance.
EC-303.70 10
 ZS = RS + jωLS
• The coupled impedance is given by

(ωM ) 2

=
(ωM ) 2

ZS RS + jωLs
• Multiplying both numerator and denominator by

RS − jωLS
• Then the Coupled impedance is

RS 2 ω LS
=
2
( ωM ) −j
2
RS 2 + ( ω L S ) RS + ( ω L S )
2

EC-303.70 11
 From the equation we can observe the
following points

• The coupled impedance introduced in to the

primary
circuit by a resistance and inductance in
secondary
consists of a resistance in series with a
capacitive
resistance.

• The effect of Coupled impedance is to increase

effective
resistance and neutralize
EC-303.70
a portion of the 12
 Problem
• For the following circuit shown in fig 4.17.3,find the ratio
of output voltage to the source voltage.

V1= Ω

ω=50 rad/sec

-
Ω

Fig
4.17.3
EC-303.70 13
• Using kirchhoff’s voltage law,the voltage equation for the first
mesh is
i1( R1 + jωL1) − i 2 jωM = v1
i1(10 + j 500 ) − i 2 j 250 = 10
• Similarly, for the 2nd mesh

i 2( R 2 + jωL 2 ) − i1 jωM = 0
i 2( 400 + j 5000 ) − i1250 = 0
i 2 = 0.00102∠ − 84.13°

v 2 = i 2 × R 2 = 0.408∠ − 84.13°
v2
= 40.8 × 10−3 ∠ − 84.13°
v1
EC-303.70 14
 Problem

• For the following circuit shown in fig 4.17.4, find the

ratio of output voltage to the input voltage.

7H
i1 i2

V1 10∠0° 80Ω Vo
20H
2H
ω
=50rad/sec
2Ω
Fig 4.17.4

EC-303.70 15
Quiz

EC-303.70 16
1. The increased amount of impedance due to

presence of another coil is called

b) Coupled impedance

• Reflected impedance Answer-(c)

• Both

EC-303.70 17
• In a untuned coupled circuit if the RS,
resistance of

secondary is negligible, then the

coupled resistance is
a) Zero

d) Infinity Answer-(a)

g) Unity

EC-303.70 18
 Summary

We have discussed about

• Definition of coupled impedance.

• Expression for reflected impedance in general terms

• Nature of coupled impedance.

• Expression for reflected impedance for untuned

coupling circuit

• Problems EC-303.70 19
 Frequently asked questions…

1. Define reflected impedance?

4. What is effect of coupled impedance in untuned coupled

circuit, and write its expression?

3. Derive the expression for reflected impedance?

EC-303.70 20