DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : P.Anuradha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg
Institute : G.P.W.BML, Visakhapatnam Dist
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics Circuits – 1
Subject Code : EC-302
Topic : Transistor Amplifiers
Duration : 50 MINS
Sub Topic : Fixed bias problems
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
EC302.25 1
 RECAP

In our previous session we have discussed

• The fixed bias circuit

• Advantages and disadvantages of fixed bias circuit.

EC302.25 2
Objectives

On completion of this period you would be able to

• Design a fixed bias circuit.

• Analyse a fixed bias circuit.

EC302.25 3
PROBLEM-1

In a fixed bias circuit RB = 1MΏ , RC = 5 kΏ VCC = 6

v, β = 100. Determine the “Q” point. ASSUME VBE ≈

OV

EC302.25 4
SOLUTION -1

Base current IB = (VCC – VBE) / RB

Neglecting VBE
IB = VCC / RB = 6 v / 1MΏ = 6 μA
Collector current IC= β * IB = 100 * 6 μA = 0.6 mA
VCE = VCC– IC* RC
= 10 v – 0.6 mA * 5 kΏ = 3 v.
Hence “Q” point is ( 3 v, 0.6mA )
EC302.25 5
PROBLEM - 2
Fig shows the circuit of a fixed bias using a silicon transistor with β =
100. Determine 1.Base current 2 .Collector current 3. Vc, Vb and
Vcb 4. Operating point 5. Stability factor S.

VBE = 0.7 V

Fig. 1
EC302.25 6
SOLUTION-2

Calculation of base current IB

IB = (VCC – VBE ) / RB
VBE for a silicon transistor is 0.7 v
Hence IB = (12 – 0.7) / 1130 kΩ
= 10 μA.
Calculation of collector current IC
Collector current IC = β * IB
Given β = 100.
Hence IC = 100 * 10 μA = 1.0 mA
EC302.25 7
Calculation of VCE
VCE = VCC – ICRC
= 12 – 1.0 mA * 4 kΏ
= 8.0 v.
Base Emitter voltage VBE = 0.7 v
VCB = VCE – VBE = 8.0 – 0.7 = 7.3 v
Operating point “Q” = ( VCE , IC )
= ( 8.0 v , 1.0mA )
Stability factor “S” = ( 1+β ) = 1 + 100 = 101.

EC302.25 8
PROBLEM - 3

In a fixed bias circuit the temperature changes from

30ºc to 60ºc producing a change in IC from 2.2 mA

to 3.8 mA. Assume reverse current changes 1.7μA /

ºc. What is the stability factor “S”?

EC302.25 9
SOLUTION-3

Change in collector current ΔIC = 3.8 – 2.2 = 1.6 mA

Change in temperature 60 ºc – 30 ºc = 30 ºc
Change in ICO for a change in Δt of 30 ºc
ΔICO = 30 * 1.7μA = 51 μA
Stability factor “S” = ΔIC / ΔICO
=1.6 mA / 51 μA
= 31.37.

EC302.25 10
PROBLEM-4

A Germanium transistor is to be operated at zero signal IC =

1mA.The collector supply voltage VCC = 10 v. β = 100. What is

the value of RB in Fixed bias method? TAKE VBE= 0. 3V

EC302.25 11
SOLUTION-4

Given IC = 1 mA
IB = IC / β = 1 mA / 100
= 10 µA.
IB = (VCC – VBE) / RB
RB = (10 – 0.3) / 10 µA
= 9.7 v / 10 µA
= 9700 kΩ.

EC302.25 12
SUMMARY

We have discussed

Problems on fixed bias circuit

Calculation of stability factor “S”.

EC302.25 13
Quiz

• In a fixed bias circuit , if vcc= 10v, vbe = 0 v and

ib = 10 micro amperes ,what is rb

A. 1000 K Ώ

B. 2000 K Ώ

C. 2500 1000 K Ώ

D. 500 KΏ

EC302.25 14
• In a fixed bias circuit , if ic= 2ma vcc= 10v

and Rc = 11 ohm what is vce

A. 7V

C. 8V

E. 6V

G. 5V

EC302.25 15
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1. Desing a fixed bias circuit for a Q- point of 3ma, 5v,

where vcc= 12v, vbe= 0.7v, β= 80.

EC302.25 16