PRODUCTIVITY

Presented by
Deepak Panday
07IM6006
Overview of the
Presentation
 Productivity
 Significance of productivity growth
 Factors affecting productivity
 How productivity is improved
 Force Field Analysis
 Goal Congruence
 Conclusion
Productivity- what it is and
what it is not
Productivity is the ratio of some output to some input.

Productivity= output /input

Productivity is not a measure of production or output

produced.

It is a measure of how well resources are combined and

utilized to accomplish specific, desirable results.
Significance of productivity
growth
 National Perspective
 Personal Perspective
 Business Perspective
Factors affecting
productivity
Factors affecting national productivity
 Human resources
 Technology and capital investment
 Government regulation

Factors affecting productivity in manufacturing and services

 Product or system design
 Machinery and equipment
 The skill and effectiveness of the worker
 Production volume
Purpose to increase
productivity
 For Management
 For Workers
 For customers
How productivity is
improved
 Achieving more output for the same input
 Achieving the same output from less input
 Achieving much more output for slightly more
input
 Getting slightly less output for much less input
There are six lines of attack to improve
the productivity ratio of an
organization
 Improve basic process by research and development

(long term)
 Improve and provide new plant, equipment, and
machinery (long term)
 Simplify product and reduce variety (medium term)
 Improve existing methods and procedures (short term)
 Improve the planning of work and the use of manpower
(short term)
 Increase the overall effectiveness of employees (short
term)
Force Field Analysis
Force field analysis is a management technique
developed by Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of
social sciences, for diagnosing situations. It will
be useful when looking at the variables involved
in planning and implementing a change program
and will be of use in team building projects,
when attempting to overcome resistance to
change.
Goal Congruence

The extent that individuals and groups

perceive their own goals as being satisfied by
the accomplishment of organizational goals is
the degree of integration of goals. When
organizational goals are shared by all, the
term goal congruence can be used.
CONCLUSION
 Productivity is a measure of how well resources are combined and
utilized to accomplish specific, desirable results.
 Different perspectives about significance of productivity growth.
 Human resources,technology,capital investment and government
regulation are the factors which affect the national productivity.
 Product or system design,machinery,equipment,skill and
effectiveness of the worker and production volume are the factors
which affect the productivity in manufacturing and services.
 Management,worker and customer get benefit by improvement in
productivity.
 Force field analysis is useful when looking at the variables involved in
planning and implementing a change program.
 Goal congruence can be used when organizational goals are
shared by all.
References
 Bain Dabid, “The productivity prescription” the
managers guide to improving productivity and
profit,pp3-14
 Ralph M.Barnes, “motion and time study design
and measurement of work” Jhon Wiley & Sons,
pp1-5
 KhannaO.P., “industrial engineering and
management”,pp15-25
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/productivity
Thank you