GPRS Basics

GPRS
GPRS – General Packet

Radio Service
Digital Dream Service

GPRS
Course Objectives
 Understand and describe the basic of GPRS

data transmission.
 Describe how a GPRS phone works under

GPRS network.
 Name the requirements needed for GPRS

services.

GPRS
GPRS – Content
• GSM-Evolution
• Voice
• Data
• Development
• Data Rates and Speed
• Circuit vs. Packet Switched Network
• Higher Data Transfer Rates through
• New coding schemes
• Timeslot packaging (Multislot Classes)
• Mobile Classes
• Packet switched Data Transfer ( Comparing to HSCSD)
• Using GPRS services
• How GPRS phone works
• How data sent/received over GPRS
• Benefits of GPRS
• GPRS FAQs
• GPRS Q&A

GPRS
GSM - Voice Communication
Customers need to verbally communicate ...
 Speech
 Basic service of GSM network or any telephone

network system.

GPRS
GSM - Data Communication

 Basic Service
- Short Message Services (SMS)
 Popularity of INTERNET and EMAIL Access
- Large amount of data transmission
- Transmission speed critical
 Limitation of 9600kbps on GSM
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

GPRS
GSM – Development
Content
t i bility
a
Co mp
r d
nwa Phase 2+
Dow
UMTS
• New Services
• High Data Rates
• Closed User Groups
Phase 2 Phase 2
ISDN-Features ISDN-Features
• CLIP • CLIP
• Call Waiting a.s.o. • Call Waiting a.s.o.
Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 1

Speech + Speech + Speech +
Data Data Data
1991 1995 1997 Year

GPRS
DATA Rates and Speed

Speed EDGE
• Packed switched
• Modified modulation technique: 8 PSK
• Bundling of up to 8 physical channels
• up to 345,6 kbps (ECSD)
• up to 473,6 kbps (EGPRS)
GPRS
• Packed switched
• Bundling of up to 8 physical channels
• Channel coding: up to 21,4kbps >>max. 171,2kbps
HSCSD
• Circuit switched Depends on
• Bundling of up to 8 physical channels coding scheme
• Channel coding: up to 14,4kbps >>max. 115,2kbps
GSM
• Circuit switched Reduced
• one physical channel
• 0,3 to 9.6 kbps error protection Time

GPRS

GSM
Traffic channel Information Error protection Time slots Total
>Voice (full rate) 13,0 kbit/ 9,8 kbit/s max. 1 22,8 kbit/s
>Data 2,4 kbit/s 20,4 kbit/s max. 1

4,8 kbit/s 18,0 kbit/s “
9,6 kbit/s 13,2 kbit/s “
HSCSD
Traffic channel Information Error protection Time slots Total
>Voice (full rate) 13,0 kbit/ 9,8 kbit/s max. 1 22,8 kbit/s
>Data 14,4 kbit/s 8,4 kbit/s up to 8

max. Data 115,2 kbit/s

GPRS
GPRS
Time slots Time slots Time slots
1 2 8
CS- 1 9,05 kbit/s 18,1 kbit/s 72,4 kbit/s
EDGE (8 PSK modulation)

Time slots Time slots Time slots
1 2 8
ECSD 43,2 kbit/s 86,4 kbit/s 345,6 kbit/s
EGPRS 59,2 kbit/s 118,4 kbit/s 473,6 kbit/s

GPRS
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
• New Standard in GSM world allowing high data

transfer rate for data communication
• Achieve by splitting data into small packets size
• “Always online” concept for instant access to data

GPRS
GPRS – Circuit vs. Packet Switched
Circuit switched vs. Packet switched networks

“Circuit switched Network”
There is a fixed allocation from frequency channel and timeslot during the complete
duration of connection.
“Packed switched Network”

There is no fixed allocation from frequency channel and timeslots within a 52
Multiframe.
Only within a “Radio-Block”
The information transfer is done via packets. Every packet contains the receiver
information.
The frequency channel and the time slots are only engaged if the capacity is required.

GPRS

“Circuit switched Network”
Fixed allocation from frequency channel and timeslot during connection.
Downlink
5 6 7 0 1 2 33 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5
Uplink 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

GPRS

“Packed switched Network”
No fixed allocation of frequency channel and timeslots. Only within a “Radio-Block”
Downlink
0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7 0-4 5 6 7 0-4 5 6 7 0-4 5 6 7
Uplink
0-6 7 0-6 7 0-6 7 0-6 7 0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7 0-5 6 7

GPRS
GPRS – Capacities and Parameters
Capacity on demand: Provides Circuit Switched Channels

and Packet Switched Channels in a dynamic manner
Signalling: BCCH + FCCH + SCH + CCCH
Example: 1 Slot for signalling

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 Slots circuit switched
3 Slots packed switched
Circuit switched slots Packet switched channels

PDCH

GPRS
GPRS – Coding Schemes

Higher Data Transfer through new Coding Scheme
GPRS
(Coding Scheme) 1 2 3 4
Data rate per 9,05 13,4 15,6

21,4 kbps
Timeslot kbps kbps kbps
Data rate with 3 RX 27,15 40,2 46,8
Timeslots 64,2 kbps
kbps kbps kbps
(MS Class 4)
Data rate with 4 RX
36,2 53,6 62,4
Timeslots 85,6 kbps
kbps kbps kbps
(MS Class 8)

GPRS
GPRS – Multislot Classes

M S M ultislot Classes
Multislot cla ss Ma x imum no. of slots
RX TX SUM
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 3
4 3 1 4
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
11 4 3 5
12 4 4 5
13 3 3 6
14 4 4 8
15 5 5 10
16 6 6 12
17 7 7 14
18 8 8 16
19 6 2 8
20 6 3 9
21 6 4 10
22 6 4 10
23 6 6 12
24 8 2 10
25 8 3 11
Multislot - classes of MS
26 8 4 12 in GPRS network
27 8 4 12
28 8 6 14
29 8 8 16

GPRS
GPRS – Multislot Classes

Multislot Classes
Multislot Classes RX TX Sum
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 4
4 3 1 4 Step1
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5 Step2/Step3
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...

29 8 8 16

GPRS
GPRS – Packet Data Transfer

Data transfer of split data packets via Internet server
CSD / HSCD

GPRS
GPRS – Comparison to HSCSD

Comparing: HSCSD - GPRS
HSCSD GPRS
Transmission Line-oriented Packet-oriented
Speed Up to 38,4 kbps Up to 53,6 kbps

( 05 / 2001 )
Rating Connected time Amount of data
Applications Transmission of Dialogue-

huge data oriented
amount applications
Examples Data transfer, WAP, E-Mail,
transmission of Information
pictures desk /
Information

GPRS
GPRS – Using GPRS Services

What you need in order to use GPRS Services?
• Mobile phone that supports GPRS e.g. G5200 or G7020
• Subscription to GPRS services
• GPRS services must be enabled. Auto access to GPRS may be

allowed by some network, others will require a specific opt-in
• Destination to send or receive information through GPRS; e.g.

Internet address, since GPRS is designed to make the Internet
fully available to mobile users

GPRS
GPRS – How GPRS Phone Works?
• The Black Box indicates the upgrade

from the existing GSM networks
• The Black Box consists of the

following components:
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
SGSN (Server GPRS Support Node)
PCU (Packet Control Unit)
Source from T3 magazine (June 2001)

GPRS

Network Architecture and differences
ERI VLR HLR
PSTN
BTS MSC GMSC ISDN
BSC PCU
Internet
SGSN GGSN IP/X25
Additional GPRS Network-Components

GPRS

Packet Control Unit
PCU
> Channel access control
> Access request management
> Control and management of TCH, PCL
> Structuring of the PDCH
Serving GPRS Support Node

SGSN
> Control of MS position
> Coding of data and authentification
> Diverting of Data packets
> Mobility management
Gateway GPRS Support Node

GGSN
> Interface between PLMN and Packet Data Network (e.g. Internet)
> Providing “Screening Filters” (not wanted information)
> Can act as a firewall
> Data / Packet counting (for charging purpose)

GPRS

Network and Cell Selection
M
GS
2.
d
Rea
St
ep:
ep
t
1. S
:R
ea
GSM
d
G
PR
System
S
Information
Pointer to GPRS GPRS

System
New Information

GPRS

Operation Modes of a MS in GSM/GPRS-Service
Initialisation
GPRS Cell found

Cell Selection
GPRS IDLE State
GSM attach GPRS attach GPRS detach
GSM IDLE Mode GPRS READY State
READY Timer expiry PDU transmission
GSM DEDICATED Mode GPRS STANDBY State
GSM States GPRS States

GPRS

Mobility Management States
• MS not GPRS attached
MS in IDLE State • Cell Selection
GPRS GPRS
attach detach
• MS is GPRS attached
MS in STANDBY State • Perform Routing area Update
• Listen to Paging Channels
PDU Ready timer

Transmit Expires
• MS transmit/receives data
• Perform Cell area update
MS in READY State • read signalling to keep communication established

GPRS
GPRS Attachment Procedure
An attach is performed, when a mobile indicates its presence to the network for the purpose
of using the services provided by that network.
Depending on the class of mobile, this may be an IMSI attach for GSM circuit switched (CS)
services, a GPRS attach, or a combined IMSI/GPRS attach.
A GPRS attach is made to the SGSN and includes information like:
• The mobile‘s identification (IMSI or Packet -TMSI)
• the mobile‘s position - indicated by the Routing Area Identification (RAI)
The opposite of an attach is the so called detach.

GPRS

Routing Area
LAI = Location Area Identity

Mobile has to do a location update,
if the mobile station leaves the location area
RAI = Routing Area Identity

Mobile has to do a routing area update,
if the mobile station leaves the routing area
!!Important for paging!!!

CI = Cell Identity
If mobile station is in ready mode (receiving
or transmitting data), the MS has to report a
change to an other cell to the network.

GPRS
GPRS – Data Sent / Received
• Illustrated under Class 4 conditions
• Each timeslot is highly dependent

on the coding scheme(CS) used
e.g. CS-4 (21.4kbps)
• After each download, connection

to network will become virtual
(always on-line, data can be
downloaded anytime)
Source from T3 magazine (June 2001)

GPRS
GPRS – Benefits
• Improves the Utilisation of Radio Resources
• Higher Data capacity

• Data rates from 21.4kbps using one Timeslot
and up to 171.2kbps (8 Timeslot)
• Transmit and Receive allocated separately
• Shorter access time ( below 1 second )
• Consumption/Volume based billing

GPRS
GPRS – Frequently Asked Questions

Do I have to apply for GPRS at my network provider?
Yes, you always have to apply for a SIM card with GPRS enabled.
I do not get the highest data rate capacity !
The data transfer rates depend on the radio cell and

the network workload.
Please contact your network provider.
Will the GPRS mobile be an integration in an existing

mobile or a new mobile phone?
It will be a new mobile phone. The current mobile phones cannot
support this new technology.

GPRS Basics

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GPRS

GPRS – General Packet

Digital Dream Service

 Understand and describe the basic of GPRS

 Describe how a GPRS phone works under

 Name the requirements needed for GPRS

Digital Dream Service

Digital Dream Service

GSM - Voice Communication

Customers need to verbally communicate ...

 Basic service of GSM network or any telephone

Digital Dream Service

GSM - Data Communication

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

Digital Dream Service

Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 1

1991 1995 1997 Year

Digital Dream Service

DATA Rates and Speed

Digital Dream Service

DATA Rates and Speed

>Data 2,4 kbit/s 20,4 kbit/s max. 1

>Data 14,4 kbit/s 8,4 kbit/s up to 8

Digital Dream Service

DATA Rates and Speed

EDGE (8 PSK modulation)

EGPRS 59,2 kbit/s 118,4 kbit/s 473,6 kbit/s

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – General Packet Radio Service

• New Standard in GSM world allowing high data

• Achieve by splitting data into small packets size

• “Always online” concept for instant access to data

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Circuit vs. Packet Switched

Circuit switched vs. Packet switched networks

“Packed switched Network”

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Circuit vs. Packet Switched

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Circuit vs. Packet Switched

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Capacities and Parameters

Capacity on demand: Provides Circuit Switched Channels

Signalling: BCCH + FCCH + SCH + CCCH

Example: 1 Slot for signalling

Circuit switched slots Packet switched channels

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Coding Schemes

Data rate per 9,05 13,4 15,6

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Multislot Classes

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Multislot Classes

... ... ... ...

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Packet Data Transfer

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Comparison to HSCSD

Transmission Line-oriented Packet-oriented

Speed Up to 38,4 kbps Up to 53,6 kbps

Applications Transmission of Dialogue-

Digital Dream Service

GPRS – Using GPRS Services