GROUP 4 DEWI NATALIA FELICIA ALVIONITA GUNTUR JULIUS

Consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with

complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.

Consonant is a sound with audible noise produced by

constriction. There are 24 English consonants which each of it can be classified along three dimensions: State of Vocal Cords The condition of vocal cords whether it is voiced or voiceless. Point of Articulation The point of a place where the air obstructed or where the air obstruction takes place. Manner of Articulation The way how the air released.

 Voiced

Sounds which are made with vocal fold vibration Voiceless Sounds made without vocal fold vibration
Voiceless [p] [t] [k] [f] [] [s] [] [t] [h] Voiced [b] [d] [g] [v] [] [z] [] [d] [l] [w] [j] [m] [n] [] [r]

 Bilabial: upper lip and lower lip [p] [b] [m] [w] Labiodental: lower lip and upper teeth [f] [v]

Dental (Interdental): the tip of tongue against the upper

teeth [] []

Alveolar: the tip of tongue against the teeth ridge [l] [t] [d]

[s] [z] [n] Palato-alveolar/post-alveolar/alveopalatal: the tip of tongue against the alveolar ridge [] [] [t] [d]
Palatal: the middle of the tongue against the hard palate

[j] Velar: the back of the tongue against the soft palate [g] [k] []
Glottal: the glottis [h]

 Plosive: suddenly or abruptly after the air is being

obstructed completely [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] Nasal: airflow through the nose [n] Fricative: slowly but not obstructed completely [f] [v] [] [] [s] [z] [] [] [h] Affricate: slowly after the air is being obstructed completely [t] [d] Lateral: by dental of teeth ridge and blade of the tongue [l] Approximant: when the air hasnt already almost closed but has already released before it happens [w] [r] [j]

 Voiced, bilabial, and plosive consonant It is distributed in:

- Initial ( beat /bi:t/ ) - Medial ( tribal /trabl/ ) - Final ( pub /pb/ ) /t/ Voiceless, palato-alveolar, and affricate consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( cheese /ti:z/ ) -Medial ( feature /fi:t(r) ) -Final ( catch /kt )

/d/ Voiced, alveolar, and plosive consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( drive /draiv/ ) -Medial ( bedlam /'bedlam/ ) -Final ( bed /bed/ ) /f/ Voiceless, labiodental, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( faith /fe/ ) -Medial ( buffer /'bf ) -Final ( grief /gri:f/ )

/g/ Voiced, velar, and plosive consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( ground /grand/ ) -Medial ( bigot /'bgt/ ) -Final ( big /bg/ ) /h/ Voiceless, glottal, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( hat /ht/ ) -Medial -Final

/d/ Voiced, palato-alveolar, and affricate consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( general /'denerl/ ) -Medial ( judgement /'ddmnt/ ) -Final ( grudge /grd/ ) /k/ Voiceless, velar, and plosive consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( key /ki:/ ) -Medial ( diktat /dktt/ ) -Final ( poke /pk/ )

/l/ Voiced, alveolar, and lateral consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( long /l/ ) -Medial ( holiday /'hlde/ ) -Final ( doll /dl/ ) /m/ Voiced, bilabial, and nasal It is distributed in: -Initial ( mess /mes/ ) -Medial ( camping /kmp/ ) -Final ( plum /plm/ )

/n/ Voiced, alveolar, and nasal consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( number /nmb/ ) -Medial ( manner /mn/ ) -Final ( sun /sn/ ) /p/ Voiceless, bilabial and plosive consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( pen /pen/ ) -Medial ( apple /'pl// ) -Final ( cap /kp/ )

/r/ Voiced, alveolar,and approximant consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( rain /ren/ ) -Medial ( dry /dra/ ) -Final /s/ Voiceless, alveolar, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( sky /ska/ ) -Medial ( master /m:st/ -Final ( cross /krs/ )

// Voiceless, post alveolar, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( shine /an/ ) -Medial (mission /'mn/ -Final ( crush /kr/ ) /t/ Voiceless, alveolar, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( tab /tb/ ) -Medial ( inter /nt:/ ) -Final ( pet /pet/ )

// Voiceless, dental, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( thief /i:f/ ) -Medial ( method /med/ ) -Final ( both /b/ ) // Voiced, post alveolar, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial -Medial ( closure /kl/ ) -Final ( garage /gr:/

/z/ Voiced, alveolar, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( zeal /zi:l/ ) -Medial ( plaza /pl:z/ ) -Final (occur in plural of nouns such as boys, balls, etc) /j/ Voiced, palatal, and approximant consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( yell /jel/ ) -Medial ( beauty /bju:t/ -Final (doesnt occur in final position)

/w/ Voiced, labial, velar, and approximant consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( wet /wet/ ) -Medial ( twin /twn/ ) -Final /v/ Voiced, labiodental, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( veil /veil/ ) -Medial (plural of nouns such as wives and leaves) -Final ( prove /pru:v/ )

//
Voiced, velar, and nasal consonant It is distributed in:

-Initial (doesnt occur in final position) -Medial ( longing /l/ -Final ( hang /h/ ) // Voiced, dental, and fricative consonant It is distributed in: -Initial ( these /i:z/ ) -Medial ( brother /br/ -Final ( breathe /bri:/