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Remember that density is the mass of one cubic centimetre (or cubic metre) of a substance.
So for example, gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. This means one cubic centimetre (cm3) of gold has a mass of 19.3 grams (or one cubic metre of gold has a mass of 19300 kg)
kg/m3 kg
Density (g/cm3) =
mass(g) volume(cm3)
m3
m DxV
length
density = mass/volume
Density of liquids
Volume
Mass of liquid
Mass of cylinder
Density = mass/volume
mass
Density = mass/volume
Density = mass/volume
Pressure
N
N/m2 or Pa
An example
A woman of weight 600N has a total shoe area of 150 cm2 and a man of weight 750 N has a total shoe area of 360 cm2. What is the pressure beneath their feet?
Angelina pressure = force/area = 600/150 = 4 N/cm2 Brad pressure = force/area = 750/360 = 2.1 N/cm2
Pressure increases with depth (P = gh) The pressure acts in all directions
Pressure difference between top and bottom = gh = 1000 kg/m3x9.8x0.2 = 1960 N/m2
0.2 m
Solids
Fixed shape Cannot flow Difficult to compress Generally dense
Liquids
Shape can change Can flow Not easy to compress Generally dense
Gases
Shape can change Can flow Easy to compress Low density
Changes of state
.
Brownian Motion
http://www.practicalph
.
Brownian motion is the seemingly random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (i.e. a liquid or gas). It is due to the instantaneous imbalance in the combined forces exerted by collisions of the particle with the much smaller liquid molecules surrounding it.
Pressure in a gas
Collisions of the gas particles with the side of a container give rise to a force, which averaged of billions of collisions per second macroscopically is measured as the pressure of the gas
PHET!
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gasproperties
P/T = constant
P1/T1 = P2/T2
The temperature MUST be in kelvin
This is only true for a constant mass of gas at constant volume.
At -273C, P = 0!!
.
Kelvin Temperature
The kelvin Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Note that they are not all travelling at the same speed.
Temperature
The hotter the temperature, the faster the average speed of the particles
Note that they are not all travelling at the same speed.
pV = constant
p1V1 = p2V2 (at constant temp)
This is only true for a constant mass of gas at constant temperature.