Chapter No.

2
SKETCHING AND TEXT

Objectives and overview

Define technical sketching

Defines how technical sketching integrates into the

design process Identify and define two types of sketches Create a design sketch using pencil or computer Use grid paper to create sketches Layout a sketch using proportions Use sketch to draw lines, circles, arcs and curves.

Objectives and overview

Use various sketching techniques, such as contour

and negative space sketching, to improve your sketching technique.

Technical sketching
There are three methods technical drawing free hand, mechanical ,digital.
Technical sketching produces rough drawing. Less feature demonstration.

Technical sketching
Technical sketching for personal use not understood by others.

Technical sketching
Sketch understood by others. This is the type of sketch which could be understood by technical people.

Technical sketching
Technical sketch understood by others.

Technical sketching
Four types are projection used in sketching.

Multiview is used to show 2D picture of object of 3D. The remaining three are called pictorial projections. Trade offs are used for these projection that which is going to be used in terms of understanding for non technical person

Technical sketching
Technical sketches are made for ideation.

On a large project hundreds of sketches are

produced which help in detailing and provide more solutions to the design problem. There are some CAD softwares where technical sketching could be done on 2D. And there are times when you pencil paper sketching.

Free hand sketching tools

Three components are used the eraser, pencils,

papers. No other instruments are required at this stage.

Pencils
Nor the harder lead should be used nor the soft lead

should be used for technical sketching. Middle range pencil should be used. Mechanical pencils could be used, mostly one pencil is used. Passing line twice makes the line thicker.

Eraser
Is not used much, is used for correction mistakes.

Not for changes in the sketch. Preferable eraser are the gum eraser.

Paper
note book paper is used as well.

On the larger paper more sketches are drawn

For line guidance grid papers are used.

Paper
Square grid paper

Paper
Isometric paper, used for different pictorial sketches

Paper
Tracing paper is used on top of the grid paper for

final line. Money saving as well. This paper is bought on rolls and is used over different pictures and then those pictures are copied. It is fast and efficient way of sketching.

CAD sketching tools

A scanner is used to scan the sketch and send it to

the computer as a raster image, with the help of CAD operator it is transformed into vector image. Constraints based 3D modelling where the rough sketch of the object is made and then constraints are put in the form parallel, perpendicular form, along with dimensional constraints.

Sketching technique
In the sketching technique, with patience the skill

can be acquired of lines, curves, circles and proportioned views.

Seeng, imaging, representation .

Seeing is the process where we gather the information .
Imaging is the thin king process in our mind what ever we have seen and according to our interest we do imaging in our mind direction. After imaging we are suppose to sketch it down as represenation.

Seeng, imaging, representation .

We different interpreted pictures

Seeng, imaging, representation

It possible to sketch objects which could not exsists in reality.

Contour sketching
the technique of sketching the outline of the object

is called contour sketching.

Contour sketching
Is mostly done by the beginners to get confidence in creating sketches.

Contour sketching
The method for contour sketching.

Contour sketching
For the second part

Negative space sketching

The above figure is represented known positive space sketching.

Below figure is known as negative space sketching.

Upside down sketching

Is another method to improve the visualization and sketching skill.

You able to create better sketch.

Straight lines
Straight lines are drawn wihtout the help of instruments whereas the mechanical lines are drawn with the help of instruments.

Straight lines
The straight line maybe drawn of the two to three passes of the pencil. But firstly in segments it is drawn and in the final pass of the pencil there no segment directly drawn. And it is darker.

Straight lines
Palm of the hand should rest comfortably on the

other edge of the paper. orientation of the paper should be in the comfortable position.

Curved Lines
Make a square and then make diagonal lines for the centre to recognised, for making cicle.

Curved Lines
Not followed the rules. Made it to flat and curved

Ellipse
Rectangular and trammel method.

Proportion and construction lines

Creating the object with the help of construction lines. Creating proportional sketch.

Proportion and construction lines

With the help of diagonals finding the centre. While using the construction lines.

Proportion and construction lines

With the help of construction lines create proportional squares

Proportion and construction lines

Sketching Identical proportional squares

Proportion and construction lines

Well proportional object , the first object.
The second is poorly porpotioned.

Pencil method for larger object.