Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Topic
Databases and their uses Database components Types of databases Database management systems Relational databases Data warehouses Information systems in Organization System Development Life Cycle
Databases
Collections of related data Easily stored, sorted, organized, and queried Turn data into information
Database Terminology
Field: Category of information, displayed in columns
Database Terminology
Data type: Type of data that can be stored in a field
Database Terminology
Record: A group of related fields
Record
Database Terminology
Primary key: A field value unique to a record
Primary Key
Database Types
Relational databases
Organize data in tables Link tables to each other through their primary keys
Object-oriented databases
Store data in objects Also store methods for processing data Handle unstructured data
Multidimensional databases
Store data in multiple dimensions Organize data in a cube format Can easily be customized Process data much faster
8
Application software designed to capture and analyze data Four main operations of a DBMS:
1. 2. 3. 4. Creating databases and entering data Viewing and sorting data Extracting data Outputting data
10
11
Data Validation
Validation
Process of ensuring that data entered into the database is correct (or at least reasonable) and complete
Validation rules
Range checks Completeness checks Consistency checks Alphabetic/numeric checks
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12
13
Outputting Data
Reports
Printed Summary data reports
Export data
14
15
Types of Relationships
One-to-one
For each record in a table, only one corresponding record in a related table
One-to-many
Only one instance of a record in one table; many instances in a related table
Many-to-many
Records in one table related to many records in another
16
17
Data Storage
Data warehouse
Large-scale repository of data Organizes all the data related to an organization Data organized by subject
18
Figure 1
An organization is a group of people working together to accomplish a goal Business Nonprofit organization Mission Mission statement
Chapter 10: Information Systems Analysis and Design 19
20
Four types of Information system: - Transaction Processing System (TPS) - Management Information system (MIS) - Decision support system (DSS) - Expert system and Neural network
21
IS Vs IT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware Software Databases
Payroll System
Inventory System
Networks
Other related components
23
Problem/Opportunity Identification
The existing system is evaluated.
Problems are defined. New proposals are reviewed. Decisions are made to proceed with the projects. The process is documented. Relevant problems/opportunities are defined.
Analysis
A program specification (goals and objectives of the project) is developed. A feasibility assessment is performed. User requirements are defined. Analysts recommend a plan of action.
Design
A detailed plan for programmers is developed. Flowcharts and data-flow diagrams are used for the current and proposed system.
Data-flow diagram Flowchart
System documentation Describes a systems features, hardware architecture, and programming User documentation Describes how to interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks Procedure handbook Contains step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks
Copyright 2010 Pearson 27 Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
CHAPTER COMPLETED
Copyright 2010 Pearson 28 Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
SCL QUESTIONS
1. Some individuals and small organizations prefer using spreadsheets instead of database to maintain data because of the features are might similar and it is easier to install and maintain spreadsheet than database software. After you learn this chapter, stated the reasons why it is not advisable to store large amounts of data in spreadsheet and justify why databases are a more appropriate solution? 2. How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? 3. List the advantages of using system analysis and design techniques in approaching computerized information systems for business. 4. Perfect Pizza wants to install a system to record orders for pizza and chicken wings. When regular customers call Perfect Pizza on the phone, they are asked their phone number. When the number is typed into a computer, the name, address, and last order date is automatically brought up on the screen. Once the order is taken, the total, including tax and delivery, is calculated. Then the order is given to the cook. A receipt is printed. Occasionally, special offers (coupons) are printed so the customer can get a discount. Drivers who make deliveries give customers a copy of the receipt and a coupon (if any). Weekly totals are kept for comparison with last years performance. Write a summary of business activities for taking an order at Perfect Pizza. Draw a flowchart, ERD and DFD context diagram for Perfect Pizza. (2xA4, Times New Roman, size 12, 1 or 2 spacing, justify, hand in by next lab)