The Simplest Gravity

Control Cell

by
Fran De Aquino

Copyright 2008 by Fran De Aquino
All Rights Reserved

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www.FranDeAquino.org
The paper (I)
Mathematical Foundations of the Relativistic Theory
of Quantum Gravity
predicts that the weight can be controlled by means of several
processes.

The most simple process is by means of a
Gravity Control Cell (GCC)

The concept of the GCC were presented in the paper (II):
Gravity Control by means of Electromagnetic Field
through Gas or Plasma at Ultra-low pressure


A Gravity Control Cell (GCC) is basically a recipient filled
with gas or plasma where is applied an electromagnetic field.
According to the theory, when the frequency of the electromagnetic
field is decreased or when the intensity of the electromagnetic field
is increased the gravity acceleration above the gas or plasma is
decreased. Thus, samples hung above the gas or plasma should
exhibit a weight decrease. The electrical conductivity and the
density of the gas or plasma are also highly relevant in this process.
A GCC works as a Gravitational Shielding which can be
controlled. The gravity acceleration above the GCC is g
1
= _ g
where g is the gravity acceleration below the GCC and _ is given by
_ = m
g
/ m
i0

Where m
g
and m
i0
are respectively the gravitational and inertial
masses of the gas or plasma inside the GCC.


+g g
1
= _ g +g



+g
GCC
According to Eq. (20) (paper II), the gravitational mass m
g

of the gas or plasma inside the GCC is given by

0
2
4
3
2
1
4 4
1 2 1
i g
m
E
f c
m

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
t
o

Where ,o , are respectively, the magnetic permeability,
the electrical conductivity and the mass density of the gas
or plasma inside the GGC; E and f are respectively the
intensity and frequency of the electromagnetic field.
From this equation we see why the substance inside the
GCC must be gas or plasma (very-low density) and why
the electrical conductivity of the substance is highly
relevant. Note also that the electromagnetic field must has
very-low frequency (<100 Hz).
Calculations
Consider a GCC with ionized air (high conductivity)
1 3
10

~ m S
air
. o . At temperature of 300K and 1 atm, the air
density inside the GCC, is
3
1452 1

= m kg
air
. . . Thus, for
cm cm d 20 2 = = | ; , and Hz f 60 = the Eq. (20)(paper II) gives
( )
( )
| | { } 1 10 10 3 1 2 1
1
4 4
1 2 1
4 16
2 4
4
3
2
+ =
=

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= =

rms
air
rms air
air i
air g
air
V
d
V
f c
m
m
.
t
o
_

Note that, for KV V
rms
96 7. ~ we obtain:
( )
0 ~
air
_ . Therefore, if the
voltages range of this GCC is: KV 10 0 then it is possible to
reach 1 ~
air
_ when KV V
rms
10 ~ .
The simplest GCC we can build is filled with
air strongly ionized by means of alpha
particles emitted from one or several
radioactive ions sources (a very small
quantity of Americium 241). The
radioactive element Americium has a half-
life of 432 years, and emits alpha particles
and low energy gamma rays.

The radioactive element Americium (Am-241) is widely
used in ionization smoke detectors. This type of smoke
detector is more common because it is inexpensive and
better at detecting the smaller amounts of smoke
produced by flaming fires. Inside an ionization detector
there is a small amount (perhaps 1/5000th of a gram) of
americium-241. The Americium is present in oxide form
(AmO
2
) in the detector. The cost of the AmO
2
is US$
1,500 per gram. The amount of radiation in a smoke
detector is extremely small. It is also predominantly
alpha radiation. Alpha radiation cannot penetrate a
sheet of paper, and it is blocked by several centimeters
of air. The americium in the smoke detector could only
pose a danger if inhaled.


The alpha particles generated by the Americium ionize the
oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the air in the ionization
chamber increasing the electrical conductivity of the air
inside the chamber. The high-speed alpha particles hit
molecules in the air and knock off electrons to form ions,
according to the following expressions


+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + +
+ + +
e e
e e
H e N H N
H e O H O
2 2
2 2
The simplest GCC

Schematic diagram of a Gravity Control Cell filled with air (at ambient temperature and 1
atm) strongly ionized by means of alpha particles emitted from radioactive ions sources (Am
241, half-life 432 years). Since the electrical conductivity of the ionized air depends on the
amount of ions then it can be strongly increased by increasing the amount of Am 241 in the
GCC. This GCC has 36 radioactive ions sources each one with 1/5000
th
of gram of Am 241,
conveniently positioned around the ionization chamber, in order to obtain
1 3
10

~ m S
air
. o

~ V , f
Air @ 1 atm, 25C
36 Radioactive ions sources used in ionization smoke detectors
(Americium 241)
Insulating holder Epoxy Ionization chamber
Aluminium, 1mm-thickness
- -
d
|
EXPERIMENTAL SET- UP
























Gravity Control Technologies



THE
G
ENERGY
The Energy of the Future
g
g=_
air(1)
g

Massive Rotor
Gravity Control Cell (1)

r
r
R
g=_
air(2)
g = g

_
air(1)
= (_
air(2)
)
-1
= -n

The average power of the
gravitational motor is

( ) r g n m P
i
3
3
2
1
1 + =

Where
i
m , is the inertial
mass of the rotor. (See Eq.
40 of paper II).
For
2
10 = n ,
1
81 9

= s m g . . ,
Kg m
i
30 = and m r 05 0. = ,
we obtain
HP KW P 140 6 104 ~ = .
_
air(2)

_
air(1)

Conversion of G ENERGY into Rotational Mechanical Energy
The Gravitational Motor



Gravity Control Cell (2)

















g




Gas


m
g


F
m

Gas

For
1 5
10

~ m S
air
. o , KV V
rms
13 = and Hz f 6 = the value of
air
_ inside the GCC
becomes
5
10 ~
air
_ . If the thruster has three GCCs then, according to the theory (see
paper II), the gravity acceleration upon the gas sprayed inside the thruster will be given
by
( ) ( ) _ _
2
0
15
2
0
3 3
10
r
M
G
r
M
G g a
g g
air air gas
+ ~ ~ ~


For kg M
i
20 ~ , m r 1
0
~ and kg m
gas
1
10

~ the thrust is

N a m F
gas gas
5
10 ~ =

Thus, the Gravitational Thrusters are able to produce strong thrusts.

GCC
M
g


F
M
GCC GCC
a
gas
Propulsion Systems using G ENERGY
The G Thruster
Propulsion Systems using G ENERGY
The G Turbo Motor


GCC GCC GCC
Gas Helix







Gas
HIGH




SPEED Motor axis




GAS


The gravitationally accelerated gas, by means of the GCC,
propels the helix which movies the motor axis.


G ENERGY in Telecommunications Systems



The fact of a change in a gravitational field reach instantaneously everywhere
in space occurs simply due to the speed of the graviphoton (virtual gravitational
quanta) to be infinite. It is known that there is no speed limit for virtual
photons. On the contrary, the electromagnetic quanta (virtual photons) could
not communicate the electromagnetic interaction at infinite distance.
Thus, there are two types of gravitational radiation: the real, and the virtual
which is constituted of graviphotons; the real gravitational waves are ripples in
the space-time generated by gravitational field changes. According to Einsteins
theory of gravity the velocity of propagation of these waves is equal to the speed
of light (c).
Unlike the electromagnetic waves the real gravitational waves have low
interaction with matter and consequently low scattering. Therefore real
gravitational waves are suitable as a means of transmitting information.
However, when the distance between transmitter and receiver is too large,
for example of the order of magnitude of several light-years, the transmission
of information by means of real gravitational waves (v = c) becomes
impracticable due to the long time necessary to receive the information. On the
other hand, there is no delay during the transmissions by means of virtual
gravitational radiation (graviphotons) since v = . In addition the scattering
of this radiation is null. Therefore the virtual gravitational radiation is very
suitable as a means of transmitting information at any distances including
astronomical distances (Instantaneous Interstellar Communications).
G ENERGY in Telecommunications Systems

Transmitter and Receiver of Virtual Gravitational Radiation
(Graviphotons)











i

f



Quantum G Antenna











i i

f f



Real Gravitational Waves
v = c
Graviphotons
v =

GCC

GCC
Graviphotons
v =


Note that the Quantum Gravitational
Antennas can also be used to
transmit electric power. It is easy to
see that the Transmitter and
Receiver can work with strong
voltages and electric currents. This
means that strong electric power
can be transmitted among Quantum
Gravitational Antennas. This
obviously solves the problem of
wireless electric power
transmission.

GCC
The Graviphotons are produced by the
variation of the gravitational mass of
the air or plasma inside the GCC. By
varying
g
m
the gravitational field
generated by
g
m
varies producing
gravitational radiation. Thus a GCC can
work like a Gravitational Antenna.






































Spacecraft using G ENERGY
The Gravitational Spacecraft
_
air
m
g
r

Gravitational Shielding

M
g
The gravitational mass of the air (very
close to the spacecraft) can be easily reduced
by means of an electromagnetic field (E
rms
) if
the outer surface of the spacecraft is
recovered with a radioactive element (for
example Am 241). This increases the
electrical conductivity of the air making
possible to produce a controlled Gravitational
Shielding (similar to a GCC) surround the
spacecraft.

E
rms
(low frequency)
g = G m
g
/ r
2
g = _
air
g



Spacecraft
Under these conditions, the gravity accelerations on the spacecraft (due to the rest of the
Universe) is given by
g
i
= _
air
g
i
i = 1, 2, 3 n
Thus,
F
is
= F
si
= M
g
g
i
= M
g
(_
air
g
i
)
By reducing the value of _
air
, the gravitational forces acting on the spacecraft (s) can be strongly
reduced. According to the Machs principle this effect can reduce the inertial properties of the
spacecraft and consequently, leads to a new concept of spacecraft and space flight.

It was shown that, when the gravitational mass of a particle is reduced to the gravitational mass ranging between
i
M 159 0. + to
i
M 159 0. , it
becomes imaginary [paper I], i.e., the gravitational and the inertial masses of the particle become imaginary. Consequently, the particle
disappears from our ordinary space-time. However, the factor
( ) ( ) imaginary i imaginary g
M M = _
remains real because

( )
( )
real
M
M
i M
i M
M
M
i
g
i
g
imaginary i
imaginary g
= = = = _

Thus, if the gravitational mass of the particle is reduced by means of absorption of an amount of electromagnetic energy U , for example, we
have
( )
)
`

+ = = 1 1 2 1
2
2
0
c m U
M
M
i
i
g
_
This shows that the energyU of the electromagnetic field remains acting on the imaginary particle. In practice, this means that electromagnetic
fields act on imaginary particles. Therefore, the electromagnetic field of a GCC remains acting on the particles inside the GCC even when their
gravitational masses reach the gravitational mass ranging between
i
M 159 0. + to
i
M 159 0. and they become imaginary particles. This is very
important because it means that the GCCs of a gravitational spacecraft keep on working when the spacecraft becomes imaginary.
Under these conditions, the gravity accelerations on the imaginary spacecraft (due to the rest of the imaginary Universe) are given by
. ,..., , , n j g g
j j
3 2 1 = = ' _
Where ( ) ( ) imaginary i imaginary g
M M = _
and
( )
2
j imaginary gj j
r Gm g =
. Thus, the gravitational forces acting on the
spacecraft are given by

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) .
2 2
2
j gj g j gj g
j imaginary gj imaginary g
j imaginary g gj
r m GM r i Gm i M
r Gm M
g M F
_ _
_
+ = =
= =
= ' =

Note that these forces are real. Remind that, the Machs principle says that the inertial effects upon a particle are consequence of the
gravitational interaction of the particle with the rest of the Universe. Then we can conclude that the inertial forces upon an imaginary spacecraft
are also real. Consequently, it can travel in the imaginary space-time using its thrusters.
It was shown that, imaginary particles can have infinite speed in the imaginary space-time [paper I] . Therefore, this is also the speed
upper limit for the spacecraft in the imaginary space-time.
The travel in the imaginary space-time can be very safe, because there wont any material body along the trajectory of the gravitational
spacecraft.







virtual transition
( 0.159 > m
g
> +0.159 )



1 Light-year




d
AB
=1 Light-year (9.46 X 10
15
m)




virtual transition
( 0.159 < m
g
< +0.159 )
m
g

Gravitational Spacecraft
Travel in the IMAGINARY SPACE-TIME


At
AB
=1 second
A
B
At
AB
=1 year
Light
photon

V
max
=
V
max
= c