GPS NAVIGATION

Presented by Bibudhendu Bibhraj Dash

Trainer at HCL

INTRODUCTION

The GPS is a satellite based Radio Navigation system, that utilizes precise range measurements from the GPS satellites to determine precise position anywhere in the world.

NAVIGATION

Navigation is used for estimating the position of a vehicle on sea, in air or and on land to ensure that the chosen route is followed accurately.

NAVIGATION

GPS satellites constellations orbit consists of 24 satellites orbiting in 6 orbits, 4each.they are orbiting around earth in every 12 hours emitting continuous

TWO DIMENTIONAL

PATH NAVIGATION

Fig 3.3 Navigation Lay out

HOW DOES IT WORK?

GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a GPS receiver, enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver clock.

SEGMENTS OF NAVIGATION
This Navigation system is divided into three important segments. Space Segment Control Segment User Segment GPS Positioning Services Specified in the Federal Radio navigation Plan Provides two types of services: Precise Positioning Service (PPS) Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

SATELLITE NAVIGATION

This is based on measurement of the times of arrival of the time signals received from 3 or more orbiting satellites, whose positional coordinates in space are also transmitted. The limiting pulses are sent out by each satellite in the L-Band, using spread spectrum modulation and are

SATELLITE TRANSMISSION

The space vehicles transmit two microwave carrier signals. The L1 frequency ranging about 1575.42 MHz carries the navigation message and the SPS code signals. The L2 frequency about 1227.60 MHz is used to measure the ionospheric delay by PPS equipped receiver. Three types of binary codes are there which shifts the L1 and/or L2 carrier phase. The C/A Code (Coarse Acquisition) The P-Code (Precise) The Navigation Message

MARINE NAVIGATION
Some important words used in marine navigation are Track Course Bearing Heading Turn

POSITION & TIME FROM GPS

CODE PHASE TRACKING (NAVIGATION): PSEUDO-RANGE NAVIGATION CARRIER PHASE TRACKING (SURVEYING)

RECEIVER POSITION, VELOCITY AND TIME

GPS RECEIVER

POSITION &TIME DETERMINATION

RADIO NAVIGATION

Radio navigation is the navigation of mobile robot or Autonomous Guided Vehicle AGV. Here global refers to the ability to discover ones position at any unknown location on the planet known as position fix, and update that knowledge while moving to fulfill some other objective e.g. follows way-points of a map.

RADIO NAVIGATION

The basis of Global Navigation for an AGV is reliably gaining a co-ordinate of vector describing where the vehicle is in relation to a fixed point on the globe. This point is generally taken to be the intersection of the Greenwich meridian and the equator line of latitude, at sea level - in accordance with standard geographical practice. Using this position information, with reference to a map or otherwise, a list of waypoints can be generated and followed to allow the vehicle to navigate between end points of a journey.

HYPERBOLIC NAVIGATION

RADIO NAVIGATION

Methods employed in tracking an AGVs positioning. Dead-Reckoning Inertial Navigation Systems (INS): INS Integration with GPS:

WAYPOINT NAVIGATION

A waypoint is an address which defines starting point, expected destination point, a place to avoid or sometimes the intermediate position along the way.

The Destination Waypoint Routes Mob (man over board) position waypoint Navigating To Single Way Point

CONCLUSION

Though Navigation was someday an unsolved mystery but GPS made it possible in all types of Navigation such as Space, Ground and Marine Navigations. further researches are making it day by day more useful and the prediction says that all the problems regarding position fixing and determination will be solved by the development of GPS efficiency