Metodologi penelitian

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Metodologi penelitian (2,3,4):

1. Pengantar 2. Menentukan Masalah 3. Hipotesa 4. Rancangan percobaan

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1. Pengantar (research methodology)

Meaning of Research Objectives of Research Motivation in Research Types of Research Research Approaches Significance of Research Research Methods versus Methodology Research and Scientific Method
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Meaning of Research

the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data, analysing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in the form of solutions(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain generalisations for some theoretical formulation.

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Objectives of Research

to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
broad groupings:

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon 4/29/12

Motivation in Research

1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits; 2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems, i.e., concern over practical problems initiates research; 3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work; 4. Desire to be of service to society;
4/29/12 5. Desire to get respectability.

Types of Research

(i) Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys and factfinding enquiries of different kinds. (ii) Applied vs. Fundamental: Research can either be applied (or action) research or fundamental (to basic or pure) research. Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem, whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalisations and with the formulation of a theory. 4/29/12

Types of Research

(iii) Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind. (iv) Conceptual vs. Empirical: Conceptual research is that related to some abstract 4/29/12

Research Approaches

Quantitative approach and the qualitative approach. The former involves the generation of data in quantitative form which can be subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis in a formal and rigid fashion.

Inferential approach to research is to form a data base from which to infer characteristics or relationships of population. approach is characterised by 4/29/12 much greater control over the research

Experimental

Significance of Research

(a) To those students who are to write a masters or Ph.D. thesis, research may mean a careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure; (b) To professionals in research methodology, research may mean a source of livelihood; (c) To philosophers and thinkers, research may mean the outlet for new ideas and insights; (d) To literary men and women, research
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Research Methods versus Methodology

Research methods may be understood as all those methods/techniques that are used for conduction of research. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our 4/29/12 research study and explain why we are

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Research and Scientific Method

1. It relies on empirical evidence; 2. It utilizes relevant concepts; 3. It is committed to only objective considerations; 4. It presupposes ethical neutrality, 5. It results into probabilistic predictions; 6. Its methodology is made known to all concerned for critical scrutiny are for use in testing the conclusions through 4/29/12 replication;

Importance of Knowing How Research is Done

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Research Process

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Criteria of Good Research

1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used. 2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement, keeping the continuity of what has already been attained. 3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned 4/29/12 to yield

Criteria of Good Research

1. Good research is systematic: It means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well defined set of rules. Systematic characteristic of the research does not rule out creative thinking but it certainly does reject the use of guessing and intuition in arriving at conclusions. 2. Good research is logical: This implies that research is guided by the rules of 4/29/12

Experimen resources.com

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2. Menentukan Masalah (defining the research problem)

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3. Hipotesa (hypotheses)

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4. Rancangan percobaan (research design)

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