Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Khansa Ababneh
Specialties
Dentists
Dental hygienists
Dental Assistants
Dental technicians
Radiographic technicians
A High Risk Profession
Need For Protection
Protection From What?
Blood (saliva)-borne pathogens
Air-borne pathogens
Pathogens transmitted by skin contact
Protecting Whom?
Protecting:
Ourselves
Patient
Other patients
Other staff
Our families
Infectious diseases
Viral
Bacterial
Parasitic
Viral infections
HIV (AIDS)
Hepatitis Viruses
Protect Yourself!
Herpes viruses
Herpes simplex (HS type
1 & 2)
Cytomegalovirus CMV
(human HV 5)
AIDS
Bacterial Infections
Tuberculosis (TB)
Legionnaire’s disease
Infected aerosols!
Cross-Infection
Patient Operator
Other personnel
During surgical procedures
Pathogenic MO introduced into wounds
Bloodstream
Wound Breakdown
Delayed Healing
In UK
Working Groups:
Disinfection
Asepsis
Sterilization
Removal/destruction of all
microorganisms
Disinfection
Destruction of the pathogenic MO in
their non-sporing state
Asepsis
A method of surgery
which is designed to
prevent the
introduction of
infection into a
wound during
surgery or wound
dressing
Mouth cannot be sterilized but the
number of MO can be reduced by
scaling one week before surgery + CHX
mw.
Instruments must be
sterilized
Before sterilization,
instruments must be
CLEANED from debris
and blood deposits
Sterilization of Disposable Items
Gamma irradiated
Reliable manufacturer and unbroken rapping
Suitable for scalpel blades and sutures
Autoclaving (moist heat) sterilization
Limitations:
The object to be disinfected must be thoroughly cleaned
Shelf-life
Chemical Disinfectants
Effective against
Gram negative (G-ve)
bacteria on clean
surfaces
Not active against
fungi
Suitable for skin
preparation before
venepuncture
Aldehydes
Glutaraldehyde (Cidex),
&
Formaldehyde (formalin)
Require 3 hours of
exposure
Blood/saliva spillages
Biguanides
Chlorhexidine
Active against Staph. aureus & some G-Ve bacteria
Active against fungi & viruses ONLY at very high conc
Inactivated by soap and pus
Antiseptic: Used for disinfecting skin and mucous
membranes e.g.:
Savlon®: 0.5%CHX + cetrimide
Hibiscrub®: 4%CHX + detergent
Hexana®, Corsodyl® mw =0.2% CHX
Halogens I
Sodium hypochlorite, 10000 ppm
of available chlorine
Activeagainst bacteria, spores, fungi
and viruses (HB, HIV)
Can be inactivated by
pus and blood
Hexachloraphane
Hibiscrub, Phisomed
or Betadine
If above is not
available: Soap with
hexachloraphane for
5 min in running
water followed by
70% alcohol or
Hibisol®
(2.5%CHX+70%
alcohol)
Preparation of operation site
Circumoral skin with same agent used
for hand disinfection