Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Carbon-Carbon Composites

A Report of a Seminar delivered by

Gaurav Pal Sharma

in Partial Fulfillment of Degree Requirements as per UPTU Syllabus for the award of Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) Batch of 2007-11 in the Seminar Class for VI Semester III Year Students in Spring 2010

May 2010 Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering

Carbon-Carbon Composites

A Report of a Seminar delivered by Gaurav Pal Sharma

in Partial Fulfillment of Degree Requirements as per UPTU Syllabus for the award of Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) Batch of 2007-11

in the Seminar Class for VI Semester III Year Students in Spring 2010

May 2010 Interior Title Page CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Mr. /Ms. __________________________________ has delivered a Seminar on __________________________________ successfully and submitted a Seminar Report as a part of UPTUs curricular requirement towards B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering) in the VI Semester in 2010.

Shri Sanjay Kumar Coordinator - Seminars Mechanical Engineering

Prof.Y.V.S.Kumar Coordinator - Seminars Mechanical Engineering

Carbon-Carbon Composites
Carbon-Carbon Composites are the woven mesh of Carbon-fibers. Carbon-Carbon Composites are used for their high strength and modulus of rigidity. Carbon-Carbon Composites' structure can be tailored to meet requirements. Carbon-Carbon Composites are light weight material which can withstand temperatures up to 3000C

FMI :
Fiber materials Inc. Technical support in design of woven fabrics. 2-D tape, 3-D orthogonal, polar and N-D constructions. FMI woven products allow for placement of fibers in various directions to obtain required mechanical properties.

Products

Variety of high temperature applications.

Heat Shields
Baffle Heat Shield

Flexi Heat Shield

Fabrication of C/C Composites

Liquid Phase Infiltration

Chemical Vapor Deposition

Manufacturing Process :

Liquid Phase Infiltration

Preparation of C/C fiber pre-form of desired shape and structure Liquid pre-cursor : Petroleum pitch/ Phenolic resin/ Coal tar Pyrolysis (Chemical deposition by heat in absence of O2 It is processed at 5401000C under high pressure Pyrolysis cycle is repeated 3 to 10 times for desired density Heat Treatment converts amorphous C into crystalline C Temperature range of treatment :1500-3000C Heat treatment increases Modulus of Elasticity and Strength

Chemical Vapor Deposition

Preparation of C/C fiber pre-form of desired shape and structure Densification of the composite by CVD technique Infiltration from pressurized hydrocarbon gases at 990-1210C Gas is pyrolyzed from deposition on fibre surface Process duration depends on thickness of pre-form Heat treatment increases Modulus of Elasticity and Strength This process gives higher strength and modulus of elasticity

Representative Weave Constructions

Multi-Directional Woven Pre-forms :

Fiber Type Forms Available Weave Architecture

Carbon
Kevlar Si-C Nextel Quartz

Blocks
Cylinders Plates Frusta

3-D Orthogonal
3-D Cylindrical 4-D Hexagonal 7-D Block 11-D Block

Properties of C/C Composites

Excellent Thermal Shock Resistance Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion High Modulus of Elasticity ( 200 GPa ) High Thermal Conductivity ( 100 W/m*K ) Low Density ( 1830 Kg/m^3 ) High Strength Low Coefficient of Friction ( in Fiber direction ) Thermal Resistance in non-oxidizing atmosphere High Abrasion Resistance High Electrical Conductivity Non-Brittle Failure

Disadvantage :

Low oxidation resistance

Reacts with Oxygen at temperature above 490C

Protection Method:
Ceramic coatings Physical vapor deposition Plasma spraying Injecting with inorganic salts , borate & silicate glass. Replacement of C/C matrix material by Si-C.

Application
High Performance Braking System Refractory Material Hot-Pressed Dies Turbo-Jet Engine Components Heating Elements Missile Nose-Tips Rocket Motor Throats Leading Edges Heat Shields X-Ray Targets