Integrated Water Resources Management:

An Introduction

Course Objectives
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To provide training in key principles and themes of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). To show IWRMs key linkages to development and to addressing poverty reduction, water and health, and water and food (MDGs). To train trainers to apply IWRM principles for awareness raising and capacity building in advising decision makers and in preparing curriculum in IWRM training. To plan implementation strategy and actions for training of trainers in IWRM at the network and regional level.

About Water .
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A Single Resource has no substitute A Limited Resource A Scarce Resource (or is it?) Has Social, Economic, and Environmental Value (social and environment are recent)

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A Unique Resource
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Every organism, individual, and ecosystem on the planet depends on water for survival. Water impacts all aspects of life on the planet Poor water management and water shortages can lead to disease, malnutrition, reduced economic growth, social instability, conflict, and environmental disaster.

The Global Water Budget

Global Freshwater Global Water 97% Seawater 3% Freshwater 87% 13% Not Accessible Accessible (0.4% of global)

A Challenge to Water Management

Top 10 Largest Cities by 2015

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Tokyo Bombay Lagos Shanghai Jakarta Sao Paulo Karachi Beijing Dhaka Mexico City

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The Water Scene

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Resources are scarce Demands are outstripping supplies Environmental/Ecological issues are serious Policy and institutional issues are complicated Current approach is sectoral and fragmented Financing is poor and options are expensive

Where Are We Headed?

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Decreasing per-capita availability Degrading water quality Increasing competition/conflict within sectors and within society

Urban versus agriculture Haves versus have nots Upstream versus downstream National versus international

Increasing competition/conflict with the environment

Water as a Global Issue

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Water crisis has steadily moved up the global agenda The process is driven by
water-related health impacts, rapid industrialization, water security, and awakening environmental consciousness

The Paradigm Shift

The Dublin principles (1992)
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Water is a single, finite resource Water management and development should include stakeholders Water is an economic good Women play a central role in management and conservation of water The Dublin Principles have served as guide for the global water dialogue

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Key Water Challenges and Needs

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Integrated management of water Water resources economics Political economy of water Water supply and sanitation services Irrigation/drainage NRM and environment

Water pricing and cost recovery Water entitlement and rights Water users empowerment Sharing of water and its benefits Cooperation and conflict resolution Energy

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MDGs a starting point

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4. Reduce child mortality Goal 5. Improve maternal health Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Approaches to Water Management s Ad hoc

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Economic Analysis -- Single Project or Basin Multi-Objective Planning Comprehensive Multi-Purpose River Basin Planning and Management Strategic Planning and Implementation through IWRM

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The Water Balancing Act

Supply
Quantity (Natural Scarcity,
Groundwater Depletion)

Quality Degradation Cost of Options

Demand Increasing in all sectors

Inefficient use

IWRM

Integrated Water Resources Management

A systematic process for linking water and waterrelated policy, objectives, and uses to improve decision making in:

operation and management of natural environmental systems;

resources and

design and implementation of programs and policies.

A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs, water and water-related policy, resource allocation, and management within the context of social, economic, and environmental development objectives.

Why IWRM?
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Globally accepted and makes good sense. Key element in national water policy. Incorporates social and environmental considerations directly into policy and decision making. Directly involves the stakeholders. Is a tool for optimizing investments under tight financing climate.

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Schematic of the IWRM Process

Country Development Objectives

Stakeholder Input Donor Input Other Input

Key Water & Water-related Policies/Inst.

Review & Evaluation

Use Assessment & Analysis

Resources Assessment & Analysis

Implementation & Monitoring Resource Development & Management Plan

Resource Allocation Strategy

IWRM can be characterized as:

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A process, not a product Scale independent - applies at all levels of development A tool for self assessment and program evaluation A tool for policy, planning, and management A mechanism for evaluating competing demands, resource allocation, and tradeoffs

Dimensions of IWRM
Infrastructure for management of floods and droughts, multipurpose storage, water quality and source protection Policy/ Institutional framework Management instruments Political economy of water management GWP

Integrated Water Resources Management

Water supply & sanitation

Irrigation & drainage

Energy

Environmental services

Other uses including industry and navigation

Water Uses

The Water Resources Development Process: Sectoral (or Use) Approach

Prosperity
Governance Policy/Inst. Framework Objectives Social Development Economic Development Env. Protection Feedback Management Institutions
Water Quality Water Supply

Floods/Droughts

Agriculture

Energy

Industry

Health

Activity Sectors (water uses)

Ecosystem Mgt.

Pollution Prev

Coastal Mgt.

Water Resources Development : The IWRM Process Prosperity

Governance Policy/Inst. Framework Objectives
IWRM Water and water related policies review and revision

Social Development

Economic Development

Env. Protection Feedback

Floods/Droughts

Management Institutions Activity Sectors (water uses)

IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation

Water Quality

Agriculture

IWRM

Resource availability/use analysis and allocation

Energy

Ecosystem Mgt.

Pollution Prev

Water Supply

Industry

Health

Coastal Mgt.