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    XML Introduction

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    48 views25 pages

    XML Introduction

    Uploaded by

    api-3760571
    XML Introduction

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 25

    Introduction to XML

    Society for Technical Communication

    Presented by Craig Jordan


    Senior Software Analyst, Compuware
    January 12, 2000

    Copyright © 2000, Compuware. All rights reserved.


    XML’s Place in the World

    Evolution of the Web


    Web Technologies
    What is XML
    Evolution of the Web
    ■ Static  Dynamic
    – Files  Databases
    – Retrieve  Find

    ■ Documents  Applications
    – Marketing  Selling
    – Telling  Interacting

    ■ Whole  Part
    – Content & Presentation  Presentation
    Web Technologies:
    Presentation
    ■ HTML
    – Mark-up language for formatting static content

    ■ DHTML
    – API to formatted elements so they can be modified
    dynamically

    ■ CSS
    – Declarative format rules
    Web Technologies: App
    Logic
    ■ Scripting, Java, ActiveX
    – Transport for application logic

    ■ ASP, CGI
    – Server-based techniques for creating interactive
    web sites by obtaining user responses and
    dynamically generating HTML pages
    What has been missing?
    ■ An intelligent data format that
    – offers more than simple formatting
    – is platform independent and portable
    – isolates information from presentation

    ■ A format that can describe:


    – Data constraints
    – Complex relationships
    – Application behavior
    XML: Extensible Markup
    Language
    ■ A Definition
    – XML is a language for creating data-
    description languages.

    ■ An Example
    <!DOCTYPE contacts [
    <!ELEMENT contacts(contact*)>
    <!ELEMENT contact (name, email)>
    <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
    ]>
    XML: Key Characteristics
    ■ Data-Centric
    ■ Database/Source-Neutral
    ■ Open
    ■ Human-Readable
    ■ Extensible
    ■ Generic
    XML Components
    ■ Document Type Definition (DTD)
    – Defines data format
    ■ Document
    – Instantiates a data format
    ■ Parser
    – Converts a document into an internal
    tree-structure
    – Confirms that data conforms to DTD
    XML Benefits

    XML Benefits
    Not Just for the Web
    Conclusion
    XML Benefits
    Separates Content from
    Formatting

    – Same content can be formatted in several


    different ways.

    – Content can be extracted in its raw form.

    – Content rather than format can be


    searched.
    XML Benefits
    Data Interoperability

    – Document Type Definition (DTD) acts as an


    interface agreement between partners

    – Data is self-describing

    – Data is independent of original source


    XML Benefits
    Supports Stateless
    Architectures

    – Provides a transport mechanism for


    structured state.

    – Platform independent state representation.

    – Persistence in any layer is simplified.


    XML Benefits
    Supports Isolation in N-Tier
    Architectures Presentatio
    Data Business
    n
    Layer Logic Layer

    Typical n-tier architecture


    DTD
    1
    Business Presentatio
    Data XML Xport XML Xport n
    Layer Logic Layer
    DTD
    2
    XML enabled n-tier architecture
    Not Just for the Web
    Goal: Strengthen
    Partnership via Shared
    Information
    Partner 1 Partner 2
    DTD
    information information

    n et
    XML r XML
    te
    In
    XML Technical Overview

    Document Object Model


    XML Syntax
    Rendering XML
    XML: Document Object
    Model
    ■ The Document Object Model presents
    the content of the XML document as a
    singly-rooted tree structure.

    c o n ta c ts

    c o n ta c t c o n ta c t

    n am e e m a il n am e e m a il

    J o e S m it h js m it h @ e m a il. c o m M a ry C a rn m c a rn @ y a h o o .c o m
    XML Syntax: Terminology
    Review
    ■ ELEMENT
    – A conceptual name for a portion of a document
    ■ TAG
    – The text that delineates an element.
    – Normally a pair of START and END tags.
    ■ CONTENT
    – The text contained between an element’s start and end
    tags.
    ■ ATTRIBUTE
    – A qualifier for an element
    – Value may be
    ■ Value Set
    ■ Free Text
    ■ Empty
    XML Syntax: Terminology
    Review
    <OPTION VALUE=“Option1” SELECTED>
    First Option
    </OPTION>

    ■ ELEMENT Option (an item in a pick-list)


    ■ TAGS <OPTION> and </OPTION>
    ■ CONTENT First Option
    ■ ATTRIBUTES
    – Free Text VALUE=“Option1”
    – Empty SELECTED
    XML Syntax: New
    Terminology
    ■ An XML document consists of 2 parts:
    – prolog - declares element names, attributes, and
    rules for valid markup of data
    – document instance - date with markup; similar to
    <BODY> in the HTML world; one ROOT element, with
    all other elements as children of the root; tree
    representation

    ■ A parsed document is either:


    – well-formed - document need not have a DTD;
    elements are properly nested and marked up
    – valid - in addition to being well-formed, document
    conforms to a DTD (internal or external); all
    XML Syntax: Putting it all
    together
    <change ID=“1” type=“defect” status=“resolved”
    visibility=“customer”>
    <dateLogged>12/20/1999</dateLogged>
    <reportedBy>Rick</reportedBy>
    <description>…</description>
    <impacts>
    <impact type=“A” size=“10”>foo.asp</impact>
    <impact type=“M” size=“5”>bar.asp</impact>
    </impact>
    <failureCause>…</failureCause>
    </change>
    XML Syntax: Putting it all
    together
    <!DOCTYPE change [
    <!ELEMENT change (dateLogged, reportedBy, descr, impacts,
    failureCause)>
    <!ATTRLIST change ID CDATA
    type (defect|change)
    status (open|on-hold|resolved)
    visibility (customer|system-test|unit-test|review)>
    <!ELEMENT dateLogged (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT reportedBy (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT descr (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT impacts (impact*)>
    <!ELEMENT impact (#PCDATA)>
    <!ATTRLIST impact type (A|M|D)
    size CDATA>
    <!ELEMENT failureCause (#PCDATA)>
    ]>
    Rendering XML
    XML has no native visual
    representation. Some techniques
    commonly used to render XML
    include
    – Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
    – Document Object Model + Script
    – Data Binding (Microsoft-specific)
    – eXtensible Style Sheets (XSL)
    Rendering XML using XSL
    XSL can be used to transform XML
    documents in many ways. One use is to
    transform XML into HTML.

    Style Sheet Processor


    XML
    Document
    Resulting
    Transformation
    Document
    XSL
    Style Sheet
    Conclusions
    ■ XML will be a key enabling technology
    for web applications in the next decade.

    ■ XML is a database transport technology


    in much the same way that ActiveX and
    Java are application logic transport
    technologies.

    ■ XML will form the foundation for inter-


    partner data exchange and will make
    EDI available for the general business

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