Review

What Makes up Matter?

Describe the three kinds of subatomic particles Neutron in the nucleus, no electrical charge, has a mass Proton in the nucleus, positive electrical charge, has a mass Electron in the electron cloud at various energy levels, negative electrical charge, no significant mass Atomic Number = number of protons Atomic Mass = number of protons + neutrons Isotope = atoms of same element with different

numbers of neutrons

What Makes up Matter?

Why is an elements atomic number important? The atomic number is the number of protons it is what defines the element

What Makes up Matter?

How is the periodic table organized? In order of atomic number, where columns of elements have similar chemical properties (due to number of valence electrons) Metals on left side Nonmetals on right side

What Makes up Matter?

What are three ways that atoms can form bonds with

one another? 1. Covalent bond sharing electrons 2. Ionic bond elements give and receive electrons to become charged ions and then attract due to electrical charge 3. Metallic bond many atoms sharing many electrons

How Does Matter Behave?

What determines a substances state of matter? Kinetic energy of its particles

How Does Matter Behave?

Describe the role that thermal energy plays in changes

of state
Adding or removing thermal energy causes particles to

speed up or slow down and results in a change of state

What Are Physical Properties and Changes?

How do physical changes affect a substance? They change the appearance/physical properties of the substance but not the composition

What Are Physical Properties and Changes?

What is the difference between homogeneous and

heterogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout

evenly mixed Heterogeneous mixtures are not the same throughout

What are Chemical Properties and Changes?

How do chemical changes differ from physical

changes?
In a chemical change new substances are formed In a physical change, the substance changes state, but

not composition

What are Chemical Properties and Changes?

What factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Number, or concentration, of reactant particles (the more reactant present, the faster the reaction) Total surface area of the reactants (smaller pieces, more surface area, faster reaction) Nature (reactivity) of the reactants Temperature higher temps speed up reactions Additional substances that inhibit (slow down) or catalyze (speed up) the reaction

What are Chemical Properties and Changes?

What does pH tell you about a solution? Whether the solution is acidic, basic or neutral

Low pH solutions release hydrogen ions (H+) and are acidic High pH solutions release hydroxide ions (OH-) and are basic A neutral solution has a pH of 7

Neutralization is the reaction of a base with an acid to

form a salt and water