Number

System
Contents:
 Number
 Number System
 Types of number system
 Non-positional number system

 Draw Backs

 Solution
Cont..
 Positional number system
 Case Study
 Binary Number System
 Octal Number System

 Hexadecimal Number System

Cont..
 Conversion
 Decimal to some other base
 Some other base to decimal

 Converting from base X to base Y

where X and Y are not decimal
 Fraction Number
Number:
 “Number is an idea of
quantity and name that
allow us to speak out
value.”
Cont..
 Origination of number traced back
to stone age where people use to
equalize different shapes with
different quantities.
 Shapes are termed as digit.
 Digits are like character of
language.
Numbering
System:
 “Formal and systematic way
of representing larger
values with the help of some
basic digits.”
Cont..
 Number system begins with
defining the digits by
a value with symbol
 Name: selected for digit
 Rules: specified to form and
represent larger values.
Cont..
 Larger values are named as
well , we should have a
nomenclature of numbering
system.
Types Of Numbering
System:
 There are two types of numbering
system.
Non-positionalNumbering
system
Positional Numbering

system
Non-Positional
Numbering System:
 Each symbol represents some
value regardless of its position
in Numbering system.
 Symbols are simply added to
find out values of particular
numbers.
Cont..
 First
known system is Roman
Number System.
 V = 5
VI = 6
IX = 9
X = 10
Draw Backs:
 Representing larger values prone to
ambiguity

 For example XIIV can be

interpreted as
(11+4) or (12 + 5)
Depending upon how we group.
Cont..
 More than one symbol can be
used to form digit.
V + I = 6

 Same symbol can be used in

forming more than one digit
I + V = 4
Solution:
 Problemis solved by putting
bars over digits.
Positional Numbering
System:
 Each symbol represent
different values depend
upon position they occupy
in numbering system.
Cont..
 Valuedetermine by three
consideration.
Digit itself
Position of digit in numbering
system
Base of numbering system
Case Study :
 Start with Base 10 as we are
familiar with it. let us take it as
case study.
 History came with idea to give
weight to position along with
symbol.
Cont..
 Suppose X and Y are digits
of numbering system.
 Numbers can be formed
and represented as
follows.
C1 C0
X Y
Cont..
 Digit Y in column ‘C0’ has its original
value due to occurrence in 1st position.
let Y = 2 base is 10

then =2X100
=2X1
=2
So original value of Y = 2 and result is also 2.
Cont..
 DigitX in column C1 represent
value and determine by
Multiplying weight with

original value of X.
Cont..
Let weight =W1 = 1
X=3
base = 10
=3X101
=30
Cont..
Now add in Y so
General Form:
W1 * X + Y
 Weight : Power of base
 Base : Total number of digits
available in Number
system.
Cont..
Weight in 103 102 101 100
term of
base

Weight 1000 100 10 1

age
Columns C3 C2 C1 C0

Numbers 1 3 4 1

values 1*1000 3*100 4*10 1*1

Cont..
 Total number of digits in an
alphabet is called base of
numbering system.
 In our case study base=10
 As second column was
required when we were count
ten.
Cont..
 Itimplies that weight age of
second column in decimal is
10.
 So W1=10
Cont..
 Weightage of subsequent
column are also in magnitude
of base of numbering system
Binary Number
System
 Itis base two numbering
system ,it must have two
digits.
 Alphabet = {0,1}
Octal Number
System
 Octal means 8
 As it is base 8 numbering
system it must have 8 digits.
 Alphabet = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
Hexadecimal Number
System
 Itis base 16 numbering
system ,it must have 16 digits.
 Alphabet =
{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E
,F}
Converting values
To/from Decimal System
 Decimal to some other base
 Some other base to decimal
 Converting from base X to
base Y where X and Y are not
decimal
Decimal to some other
base:
 What we have : A number in decimal
system.
 What we want : To find out an
equivalent number in
another base.
 What we do : Divide decimal number
repeatedly with base
value of required
numbering system.
From Some Other Base
To Decimal:
 What we have: A number in base X.
 What we want: To find out an
equivalent number in
base ten.
 What we do: Multiply unit value of
digit in each column with
weight age assigned to
that column.
Converting from base X
to base Y where X and Y
are not decimal:
 There is no direct method ,what we do is
that we use transition.
 First we convert base X -> base 10
 Then convert base 10 -> base Y
Fractional Numbers:
 Inbinary number system ,
fractional numbers are
formed in decimal number
system.
Cont..
position 4 3 2 1 0 . -1 -2 -3 -4

Position 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4

value

Quantity 16 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16

Represente
d