POLLU TI O

N
Pollution, mixing of Earth’s
environment with materials that
affect with human health, life, or
ecosystems. Environmental
pollution can be a result of natural
causes such as volcanic eruptions,
most is caused by human
activities.
AIR POLLUTION

Human contamination of
Earth’s atmosphere can
take many forms and has
existed since humans
first began to use fire for
agriculture, heating, and
cooking. During the
Industrial Revolution air
pollution became a major
problem.
CZECH AIR POLLUTION

Czech Air Pollution

Factory smoke darkens the
sky above Prague, Czech
Republic. The Czech
Republic faces a severe air
pollution problem that is
choking the nation’s land.
Air pollution and subsequent
acid rain has killed or
damaged many of the
country’s trees and badly
degraded its soil.
AIR POLLUTION

The chemical pesticide DDT

was used around the world
from the 1940s through the
early 1970s to kill crop-eating
and disease-carrying insects.
In the early 1960s studies
began to show that the
chemical caused reproductive
problems in animals and that it
often disrupted the food chain.
The use of DDT was banned
in the United States in 1973.
 WATER POLLUTION

DEFINITION:

Water Pollution, contamination of streams, lakes,

underground water, bays, or oceans by substances
harmful to living things.
The pollution of rivers and
streams with chemical
contaminants has become
one of the most critical
environmental problems of
the 20th century.

Waterborne chemical
pollution entering rivers
and streams comes from
two major sources: point
pollution and nonpoint
pollution..
POLLUTION DUE TO HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous wastes are

chemical wastes that
are either poisonous,
reactive,capable of
corroding steel, or
ignitable. If improperly
treated or stored,
hazardous wastes can
pollute water supplies
SOLID WASTE POLLUTION
An average city dweller
may produce a ton of
refuse in a year, a
volume that rapidly
overflows local dumps.
Cities running out of
space for landfill often
turn to incinerating their
waste or transporting it
to other areas, although
up to 90 percent of the
material might have
been recycled.
NOISE POLLUTION

Sound intensities are

measured in decibels (dB).
For example, the intensity at
the threshold of hearing is 0
dB, the intensity of
whispering is typically about
10 dB, and the intensity of
rustling leaves reaches
almost 20 dB.
THERMAL POLLUTION

Smog surrounds the Angel

Monument in Mexico City,
Mexico, during a thermal
inversion. Air pollution
increases dramatically
when a mass of cold air is
trapped below a mass of
warmer air. The absence
of air circulation prevents
pollution near Earth’s
surface from escaping.
Automobile Traffic Pollution

Automobile exhaust contains

unburned hydrocarbons,
particulates, carbon dioxide, and
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur
that contribute to acid rain,
smog, and global warming. The
oxides combine with water
vapor in the air to form acids,
which return to the ground as
acid rain. Smog, a mixture of
smoke (particulates) and fog,
irritates the eyes, throat, and
lungs and also damages plants.
POLLUTION CLEANUP AND PREVENTION

Pollution is controlled in two ways: with end-of-the-pipe devices

that capture pollutants already created and by limiting the
quantity of pollutants produced in the first place. End-of-the-pipe
devices include catalytic converters in automobiles and various
kinds of filters and scrubbers in industrial plants. In a catalytic
converter, exhaust gases pass over small beads coated with
metals that promote reactions changing harmful substances into
less harmful ones. When end-of-the-pipe devices first began to
be used, they dramatically reduced pollution at a relatively low
cost. As air pollution standards become stricter, it becomes
more and more expensive to further clean the air. In order to
lower pollution overall, industrial polluters are sometimes
allowed to make cooperative deals.
 GSSS, MOHINDERGANJ, RAJPURA

STUDENT NAME : LAKHWINDER AND NAVNEET

CLASS 10