AERODYNAMICS

SAMRAT D 4NM08ME101

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics,

Aerodynamic Terms
Lift

Is the force that acts in an upward direction to support the aircraft in the air. It counteracts the effects of weight. Lift must be greater than or equal to weight if flight is to be sustained. Lift acts perpendicular to relative wind
Weight

The force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft and everything in the aircraft, such as fuel and cargo.

LIFT

WEIGHT

Drag
Parallel & Opposite to Relative Wind

Total Aerodynamic Force

Vector Sum of Airfoil Lift & Drag
LIFT

WEIGHT

Drag
Types of Drag Induced: Caused by the Production of Lift Parasite: All Drag Not Caused by Lift

Airflow

Longitudinal Stability
down lift lif t

Static stability (tendency to return after control input) up elevator increases downward lift, angle of attack increases; lift increases, drag increases, aircraft slows; less downward lift, angle of attack decreases (nose drops).

weight

Lateral Stability
If one wing is lowered (e.g. by turbulence), the airplane sideslips. The lower wing has a greater angle of attack (more lift). This raises the lower wing.

Directional Stability
As the airplane turns to the left (e.g. in turbulence), the vertical stabilizer creates lift toward the left. The airplane turns to the right.

Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air below the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up. .

Bernoullis Principle: Air moving over the wing moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift

REFERENCES
How Airplanes work: http://www.howstuffworks.com/airplane4.htm NASAs FoilSim II airfoil simulation program: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K12/airplane/foil2.html Airfoil Database (Hint: look at low Reynolds number airfoils for the upcoming lab) : http://www.aae.uiuc.edu/mselig/ads/coord_database.html

THANK YOU

Bernoullis Principal: pressure variation around the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.

Bernoullis Theory in Action

Air speeds up in the constricted space between the car & truck creating a low-pressure area. Higher pressure on the other outside pushes them together.