PC Engineering & Networking IT Support & Networking

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Module 3

Computer Networking
4/19/12 Prepared by

Module Objective

After this module you will be able to: Plan Implement Manage Maintain Troubleshoot

Networ ks

4/19/12

Prepared by

N+ Certification Summary

Network Technologies 20% Network media and Topologies 20% Network Devices 17% Network Management 20% Network Tools 12% Network Security 11%
Prepared by

4/19/12

Network Technologies
Click to edit Master subtitle style

Introduction to Networking
4/19/12 Prepared by

Objectives

Introductory Conceptual framework Understand pros and cons of networks Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networks List elements common to all client/server networks Describe several specific uses for a network 4/19/12 Network+ Guide to Prepared by 55

Objectives (continued)

Identify some of the certifications available to networking professionals Identify the kinds of nontechnical, or soft, skills that will help you succeed as a networking professional

4/19/12

Network+ Guide to Prepared by

66

Networking!!

4/19/12

Prepared by

Networking !!!

4/19/12

Prepared by

Computer Network viz Networking

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers. Networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing resources.
4/19/12 Prepared by

Computer Networking (C.N)

Computer networking is also referred to as the engineering discipline which is concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. C.N also considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering.

4/19/12

Prepared by

Why Network?

Communication Hardware Sharing Data Sharing Application Sharing Data Backup and Retrieval
4/19/12 Prepared by

Why Use Networks?

Network: group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media Advantages of using networks over standalone computers:

Networks enable multiple users to share the networks resources (devices and data)

Networks allow you to manage, or administer,Prepared by resources on multiple 4/19/12 Network+ Guide to 1212

Types of Networks: Peer-to-peer Networks

Every computer can communicate directly with every other computer By default, no computer has more authority than another Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to and from every other computer

4/19/12

Network+ Guide to Prepared by

1313

Peer-to-peer Networks (continued)

Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network

4/19/12 Network+ Guide to Prepared by 1414

Client/Server Networks

Server: central computer used to facilitate communication and resource sharing between other computers on the network (called clients) Client/server network: uses a server to enable clients to share data, data storage space, and 4/19/12 Network+ Guide to Prepared by 1515 devices

Client/Server Networks (continued)

Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network

4/19/12 Network+ Guide to Prepared by 1616

Client/Server Networks (continued)

Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-to-peer networks:

User logon accounts and passwords can be assigned in one place Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally granted to a single user or groups of users
Network+ Guide to Prepared by 1717

4/19/12

Client/Server Networks (continued)

Advantages of using client/server networks

Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time of Prepared efficient processing and their by Network+ Guide to 1818

Because 4/19/12

Wired Networks and the Models

Choose network model depending on:

Role of the Network Type of resources needed for sharing.

These models are: 4/19/12

Pear-to-Pear Client-Server
Prepared by

Pear-to-Pear Networking Model

Referred to as workgroup Ease to implement Used in small networks All systems on this network are equal
4/19/12 Prepared by

Pear-to-Pear Networking Model

No centralized data storage

No centralized control

Works well with 10 computers or 4/19/12 Preparedless. by

Task on P2P Networking

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Pear-to-Pear Networking

4/19/12

Prepared by

Pear-to-Pear Network: Advantages/Disadvantages

Cost Easy Installation

Disadvantages

Security Data backup by 4/19/12 Prepared

Peer-to-peer Networks (continued)

Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network

4/19/12 Network+ Guide to Prepared by 2424

Clint Server Networking

Client server relationship Also called Server-based network Easily scalable Centralized management Streamlined backup procedure
4/19/12

Simplified backup
Prepared by

Client-server architecture

4/19/12

Prepared by

Servers

Authentication File share Printer All other resources Network administration Require additional computational capacity Require NOS
4/19/12 Prepared by

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of CSN

Single Point of Failure!!!

4/19/12

Prepared by

Classification of Networks

Networks can be classified in the following categories:Scale Connection Network Network

4/19/12

Method

Architecture Topology

Prepared by

Classification by Scale

Based on the scale networks can be classified as:Local Wide

Area Network (LAN) Area Network (WAN) Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan

4/19/12

Prepared by

Scale: Local Area Networks

A local-area network is a network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings consider KIITECs LAN. The defining characteristics of LAN are much higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leasing telecommunication line.

Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently. 4/19/12 Prepared by

Look at a LAN example

4/19/12

Prepared by

Scale: Wide Area Network

Computer Network that covers a broad area.

It is any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.

It uses routers and public communication links.

In contrast: PANs, LANs, CANs, or MANs are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area (e.g., a city)

The 4/19/12 largest and most well-known example of a WAN is the Prepared by

Wide Area Networks

WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. WANs provide connections from an organization's LAN to the Internet.
4/19/12 Prepared by

WAN

4/19/12

Prepared by

Internet as an example of WAN

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data. The modality of data interchange is by packet switching . Packet switching is done through a standardized Protocol Suite. i.e. the 4/19/12 Prepared by (TCP/IP).

Guess what !!!

The Internet carries the following: Resources

and services:

E-Mail Facilities. Streaming Media. File Transfers and Sharing. Voice Telephony (VoIP) Market and E-Business Online Prepared by gaming

4/19/12

Scale: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan area networks, or MANs, are large computer networks usually spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure or Optical fiber connections to link their sites
4/19/12 Prepared by

Scale: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.

Might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations.

Also owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks.

Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices used are modem and wire/cable
4/19/12 Prepared by

Classification of Networks by Connection Method

Computer networks can also be classified according to the hardware technology that is used to connect the individual devices in the network. These include:

Optical Fibre Ethernet Wireless LAN

Ethernet uses physical wiring to connect devices. It uses devices such as hubs, switches, bridges, and/or routers. Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect devices without wiring. These devices use radio waves as transmission medium.
4/19/12 Prepared by

A word about Fibre Optic technology

An optical fiber is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. It permits transmission over longer distances and at higher data rates than other forms of communications. Fibers are used instead of metal wires 4/19/12 Prepared by because signals travel along them with

LAN Topologies

Topologies refers to how a network is configured. Physical or logical

4/19/12

Physical construction How it functions

Prepared by

Bus Topology

Also called Linear Bus Computers are linked using a single cable

Called trunk or backbone

Connected using T-Connectors with 4/19/12 terminators Prepared by

Terminators

4/19/12

At each end of the cable we use terminator to prevent signals from bouncing back down the

Prepared by

Bus topology - Diagram

4/19/12

Prepared by

Revision Question Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Bus topology

4/19/12 Prepared by

Star Topology

Devices on the network are connected on a centralized point. Each device must have its own cable Connecting device such as HUB, or Switches are required. Multiple stars can also be combined.

Hierarchical star

4/19/12

It is easy to manage traffic and Prepared by

Star Topology

4/19/12

Prepared by

Hierarchical Star topology

Star 1 Star 2

4/19/12

Star 3 Prepared by

Review Question

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages

of Star Topology

4/19/12

Prepared by

Some Highlight!!

4/19/12

Do you agree? Add yours!! Prepared by

The Ring Topology

Network layout forms a complete ring. Computers connect to the network cable directly. Data travels in one direction from one computer to another until reaches the intended destination. Difficult to install
Prepared by

4/19/12

Ring Topology

4/19/12

Prepared by

Review Question

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ring topology

4/19/12

Prepared by

Some hints !

Find out more!

4/19/12 Prepared by

Mesh Topology

Requires each computer on the network to be connected to every other side. Provides maximum reliability.

4/19/12

If one cable fails the system uses alternate path to find out what it Prepared by

What do you notice from this diagram?

4/19/12

Prepared by

Advantages and Disadvantages

4/19/12

Prepared by These are mine, find out

Wireless Topologies

Obtain anywhereanytime!
Types:

Infrastructure or managed Wireless Topologies Ad hoc or unmanaged

4/19/12

Prepared by

Infrastructure or Managed Wireless Topology

Commonly used to extend a wired LAN to include wireless devices Wireless devices communicate with the LAN thru a base station (Access Point, AP; or WAP)
4/19/12

WAP, AP forms a bridge between the Prepared by

Infrastructure Wireless Topology

4/19/12

Prepared by

Ad hoc Wireless Networking

Devices communicate among themselves without using an access point, AP. Used to connect a small number of computers of network devices. Kind of peer to peer network for the purpose of sharing files.
4/19/12

Such include the Bluetooth Prepared by

Ad hoc Wireless Networking

4/19/12

Prepared by

Food for thought !

4/19/12

Prepared by

IEE and Networking Standards

4/19/12

Prepared by

Speed Specification

The IEEE 802 define the maximum speed of a network. Speed is measured in Megabits per second, Mbps.

Faster systems use gigabits per second Gbps. (i.e 4/19/12 Prepared by

Access Methods

Governs the way system access the network media and send data. Ensure that systems can communicate with each other. Access methods include:4/19/12 Prepared by

Access Methods:CSMA/CD

4/19/12

Prepared by

4/19/12

Prepared by