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GIVE SYMPTOMS

(Sowden,et all.1996) (Whaley & Wongs,1995)

it connects the stomach and the jejunum about 25 to 30 cm in length The main function of duodenum is to receive the partially digested foods from the stomach, and complete the process of digestion

Middle portion of the small intestine The second and largest section of the small intestine (comprising 2/5 of the total length), located between the duodenum and the ileum Villi This makes it easier for digested material to be absorbed, which is the main function of the jejunum

Lower portion of the small intestine that connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine) It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts The ileum is about 4 metres (13 feet) long

Viruses are the most common cause of gastro. Bacteria, parasites such as : Shigellosis, E. coli, Enterovirus (Echo, Coxsakie, Poliomyelitis), Rotavirus food poisoning can also cause gastroenteritis, Food poisoning usually occurs six to 12 hours after eating spoiled food. infections outside the gastrointestinal tract,. Changes in the air, Environmental Factors

Transmission usually through the oral. Several cases of the spread of pathogens encountered due to contaminated food and beverages

The basic mechanism is a disorder causing osmotic diarrhea (food that can not be absorbed will cause osmotic pressure in the cavity of the intestine increased resulting in a shift of water and electrolits into the cavity of the intestine, the contents of the gut cavity, causing excessive diarrhea).

1. Campylobacter Enteritis :
Occurrence Etiologic agent Reservoir Transmission Worldwide; common source outbreaks occur; highest in warmer months Campylobacter jejuni Domestic and wild animal and birds Ingestion of water or food contaminated with organism from feces; contact with infected animals or infants; Incubation period Suscepbility and resistance

fecal oral 3-5 d; range: 1-10 d


General

2. Diarrhea Caused by E. Coli


Occurrence Worldwide; common-source outbreaks occur out-breaks occur; high in areas of poor sanitation and during warm months Enterotoxigenic, invasive, or enteropathogenic strains of E. Coli Reservoir Infected humans, who are often asymptomatic Transmission Fecal contamination of food, water, or fomites; transmitted to infant during delivery; fecal oral, by hand

Etiologic agent

Incubation period 12-72 h


Suscepbility and resistance Infants very susceptible; duration of acquired immunity unkown

Shigellosis

Epidemic Viral Gastroenteritis

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Another Overview of Acute Bacterial and Viral Gastroenteritis :

Assessments of data by Cyndi Smith Greenberg : The identity of the client Nursing history : Initial attack & The main complaint Past medical history. Basic Needs : The pattern of elimination, patterns of Nutrition, sleep, hygiene, activity. Physical Examinations (ABCDE) Support Examinations

For adults

For children

For adults
Symptoms Clinically divided into two forms:
1. Gastroenteritis Choleriform causes include: an Parachemolitica Vibrio, Vibrio Eltor, etc. Often cause dehydration. Main symptoms : diarrhea and vomiting, without tenesmus and no nausea. The poo like water 2. Gastroenteritis disentriform causes include: Entamoeba, Shigella, Salmonella, etc. Rarely lead to dehydration. Main symptoms : colic, diarrhea, tenesmus, feces containing blood and mucus which are all called dysentery syndrome.

Replace fluids lost and overcome shock

Management/ intervention : Replace lost electrolytes

Identify and overcome the complications that occur

Eradicate the cause

For children
The main symptom is the occurrence of diarrhea, whereas symptoms of vomiting occurred before or after diarrhea.
If the patient has a lot of lost fluids and electrolytes, the symptoms of dehydration begin Visible

Mild dehydration, if the fluid lost 0-5% or an average of 25 ml / kg Moderate dehydration if fluid loss of 5-10% or an average of 75 ml / kg BW Severe dehydration, fluid loss jiika average 10-15% or rata125 ml / kg

Management/ intervention :
1. Overcoming Dehydration

Mild and moderate dehydration : Given ORS salt 2-5 cups / day for 2-3 days. Milk is given. Dehydration Weight : Patients hospitalized and given intravenous fluids. 2. Antibiotic 3. Electrolyte correction

Actions that can be done as therapy : 1. Giving Liquid (Rehydration) Should be given fluids containing electrolytes or known as ORS. to overcome the fluid out and prevent dehydration (lack of fluids). 2. Provision of Food 3. Grant of Medicine : Antiemetics, Antibiotics, Antimotility agents, Antispasmotics

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using clean water and good sanitation cooking food and drinking water until cooked. wash hands with soap before and after meals. avoid foods that have been contaminated by flies. do not consume foods that are stale. avoid foods that can cause diarrhea. eat and drink regularly.

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