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Chapter 7 : Gravitation

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Ace Ahead Physics Volume 1 Chapter 7: 1

Newtons law of gravitation

Newtons law of gravitation states that the gravitational force of attraction between two particles of mass M and m separated by a distance r is directly proportional to the product m1m2 and inversely proportional to r2

where G is the universal gravitational constant. G = 6.67 10-11 m3 kg -1 s-2


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Gravitational Field
A gravitational field is a region where gravitational force acts on massive bodies. An example is the gravitational field of the Earth.

The gravitational field strength g at a point in a gravitational field is defined as the force of gravity per unit mass at that point.

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Gravitational Field
Variation of gravitational field strength, g with r, the distance from the centre of the Earth

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Gravitational Field

The gravitational potential V at a point P in a gravitational field is defined as the work done per unit mass to bring a body from infinity to P.

The gravitational potential energy U of a body at a point P in a gravitational field is defined as the work done to bring the body from infinity to P.

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Satellite
Principle

The centripetal force on the satellite = the gravitational attraction of the Earth

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Escape velocity

The escape velocity ve from a planet is defined as the minimum velocity required by a body to escape completely from the gravitational pull of the planet.

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