Work and Energy

Work  Power  Kinetic Energy  Potential Energy  Work and Energy Theorem 
Law of Conservation of Energy

Mr. Jayson G. Chavez

High School Department
Malate Catholic School
Malate Manila
Work and Energy
WORK
• The product of the force and the distance moved by the
force.

POWER
• The time rate of work

ENERGY
• The property of a system that enables it to do work.

MECHANICAL ENERGY
• Energy due to the position of something or the movement of
something.
Work and Energy
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• The energy that something possesses because of its position.

KINETIC ENERGY
• Energy of motion

WORK-ENERGY THEOREM
• The work done on an object equals the change in kinetic
energy of the object.
Work and Energy
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it may be
transformed from one form to another, but the total amount
of energy never changes.
List of Formula
Work = Fd
= F cos θ d

Power= work/ time

Kinetic Energy= ½ mv2

Potential Energy= mgh

Work- Energy Theorem

Work = KEf – KEi

Law of Conservation of Energy

½ mvf2 + mghf = ½ mvi2 + mghi
Problem 7
• Find the work done by a 172.23 N force in pulling a luggage
carrier at an angle of 37.21O for a distance of 34.23 m.
Answer 7 (Work)
Given: Force= 172.23 N
displacement= 34.23 m
θ= 37.21o

Required: Work done

Equation:
Work= F cos θ (d)
= 172.23 N cos 37.21o (34.23 m)
= 172.23 N (0.80) (34.23m)
= 137.78 N (34. 23 m)
= 4716.21 N  m or simple
Work= 4716.21 Joules
Problem 8
• A laborer is lifting a box which has a weight of 213.54 N.
He raises the box a distance of 1.35 m above the ground and
then lowers the box the same distance. The weight is raised
and lowered at a constant velocity. Determine the work done
on the box by the worker during a) the lifting phase and b)
the lowering phase.
Answer 8 (Work)
Given: Weight = 21.54 N
Displacement= 1.35 m

Required: Work done both lifting phase and lowering phase

Equation:
Work= F cos θ (d)

Lifting phase Lowering phase

W= 21.54 N cos 0 (1.35 m) W= 21.54 cos 180 (1.35 m)
= 21.54 N (1) (1.35 m) = 21.54 (-1) (1.35 m)
W= 29.08 N  m or Joules W = -29.08 N  m or Joules
Problem 9
• A race car of mass m=1.07 x 103 kg is travelling at a speed
of 215 kph through a course. No forces act on the probe
except that generated by its own engine. The engine exerts a
constant force of 3.5 x 103 N, directed parallel to the
displacement. The engine fires continually while the car
moves in a straight line for a displacement of 2.25 x 102 m.
Determine the final speed of the car.
Answer 9 (Work and Energy Theorem)
Given: mass= 1.07 x 103 kg
vo= 215 km/hr
force= 3.5 x 103 Newtons
displacement= 2.25 x 102 m

Required: vfinal

Equation:
STEP 1: Convert the initial velocity to m/s; since, it is expressed
in km/hr.

215 km/hr x (1000 m/1km) x (1hr/60min) x (1min/60sec)

= 59.72 m/s

Note: In 1 km = 1000 m; in 1 hr = 60 min and 1 min= 60 sec

STEP 2: Since there is force and displacement involved you
can derive the value for the work done in this situation.

W= F cos θ d
= 3.5 x 103 N cos 0 (2.25 x 102 m)
= 3.5 x 103 N (1) (2.25 x 102 m)
= 3.5 x 103 N (2.25 x 102 m)
= 787500 Joules or simply
W= 7.88 x 105 Joules
STEP 3: Now that you were able to derive the magnitude of the
work done by the race car, you can calculate for the vfinal
using the formula showing the relationship between work
and kinetic energy.

W= KEf – KEo
KEf = W + KEo
= W + ½ mvinitial2
= 7.88 x 105 Joules + ½ 1.07 x 103 kg (59.72 m/s)2
= 7.88 x 105 Joules + 1.91 x 106 Joules
KEf= 2.70 x 10 6 Joules

Therefore the final kinetic energy is 2.70 x 106 Joules

Cont’d STEP 3:

Since we were able to calculate for the value of the final

Kinetic energy we can use the formula KEf = ½ mvfinal2 .

2.70 x 106 Joules = ½ 1.07 x 103 kg (vfinal)2

2 (2.70 x 106 Joules) / 1.07 x 103 kg = vf2
5.4 x 106 Joules/ 1.07 x 103 kg =
√5046.73 m2 /s2 = vf
71.04 m/s = vf
Answer 9 (Work- Energy Theorem)
REASONING:
Since the force is parallel to the displacement, the force does
positive work on the car. This work which can be calculated
directly from the equation W= Fd (Work=7.88 x 105 Joules)
produces a change in the Kinetic energy of the space craft.
So now we can use the work-energy theorem to find the
final kinetic energy (KEf = 2.70 x 106 Joules), and with that
we can determine the final speed of the car which is 71.04
m/s .
Problem 10
• A motorcyclist is trying to leap across a course shown in the
illustration below by driving horizontally off the cliff. When
it leaves the cliff, the motorcycle has a speed of 38.0 m/s.
Ignoring air resistance, find the speed with which the cycle
strikes the ground on the other side.

H = 70 m H = 35 m
Answer 10 (Law of Conservation of Energy)
Given: vinitial = 38.0 m/s
hinitial = 70 m
hfinal = 35 m

Required: vfinal

Equation:
Note: In this word problem we can use the principle of Law of
conservation of energy, since it involves both velocity and
height (HINTS).
STEP 1: The law of conservation of energy states that:

½ mvf2 + mghf = ½ mvi2 + mghi

Since mass is present in all terms, we can cancel this unit

algebraically.

½ vf2 + ghf = ½ vi2 + ghi

You were asked to determine the final velocity (vf) therefore
you should manipulate the formula using algebraic
concepts.

vf2 = vi2 + 2g(ho – hf )

The final velocity in the previous formula is “squared” so in

order for you to remove the “square” in vf get the square
root of vi2 + 2g(ho – hf ).

vf = √vi2 + 2g(ho – hf )
STEP 2: Distribute now the values for vf = √vi2 + 2g(ho – hf )

vf = √[vi2 + 2g(ho – hf )]
= √ [(38 m/s)2 + 2 (9.8m/s2) (70m- 35m)]
= √ [(1444 m2/s2) + 19.6 m/s2 (35 m)]
= √ [(1444 m2/s2) + 686 m2/s2]
= √ [2130 m2/s2 ]
vf = 46.15 m/s
For Further Readings
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/energtoc.html