Why the British came to Malaya?

1- Collect goods from the Malay states to monopolize spices in the East and tea

from China Chinese merchants refused to exchange with the British goods and only interested to goods from the East i.e- tin pepper and spices. 2- Port - to get supplies and repair their ships 3- Navy base- to protect the British base in India from France attacked.

How the Malay states fell to the British?

Penang
Sultan Muhammad Jiwa appointed Tunku

Abdullah as his successor and a royal family of Kedah against him. He requested protection from the British East Indian Company due to the Royal family and Bugis attack. He allowed the British to trade in Kedah and offered Penang but the treaty was cancelled when the British refused to help Kedah to attack Bugis

 In 1785- During Sultan Abdullah period, he

requested assistance from the British He scared of Siamese attacked . As a reward, he agreed to give Penang to the British 11 August 1786- Penang was given to the British and Francis Light opened Penang officially without any formal agreement with British East Indian Company. The British refused to assist Kedah from Siamese attacked- therefore the Sultan asked F.Light to leave Penang.

Singapore

During Napoleon war, King of Dutch agreed

to give all his colonies states temporarily to the British but it must be returned when the war ended. British returned all the states included Java and Malacca- The British traders realized that it was affected their business. T/fore the British tried to find a new port to compete with Batavia and send Stamford Raffles to find a place in the Malay states Raffles found out that Singapoore as a strategic trading centre

Present for the British!

Dutch complained about the foundation of

Spore but didnt take military actionBecause of the British help in Napoleon war and borrowed finance from the British. Where as the British needed support in fighting against common enemies :- to solve this problem, Anglo-Dutch treaty /London treaty was signed in 1824. The Dutch agreed to cede all bases in Malay peninsula included Singapore to Britain British agreed to cede Bencoolen to Dutch :- The British had 3 ports in Malay states

Non intervention policy

British policy- To make profit through

peaceful trading. No interference in local politics- could cause war. To a void more expenses. Out of 3 ports- only Singapore was profitable - involvement in local politics could led to war and more expenses to spend

Why the British changed the policy?

1- To protect the British route to the East - no friendly treaties with Malay states :- possible its routes to the east

could be

threatened. 2- The threat of foreign intervention worried if other countries intervened to Malay states. Other powers abroad their territories such

 3) The state of anarchy in Malay states

lawlessness in peninsular-

succession disputes, piracy , secret society. - 1873- 248 Chinese merchants send petition to Lord Kimberly- complaining the unrest. 4) Change in the British leaders Lord Kimberly, secretary of State for the colonies, believed to spread the benefits of British rule throughout the world. He passed on the belief to Sir Andrew Clarke, Governor of Straits Settlement.

British administration before the world war 2

3 different administration:

Straits settlement (1826) Federated Malay States (1896)- Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang Non Federated Malay States ((1909) under the Bangkok Agreement, Siam handed over Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Trengganu 1914- Johor accepted a British advisor

The impact of the British

1) Economy. a. System of transportation: Road, Railway b. Post, Telephone and Telegraph - 1st post office was built in the Straits of Settlements - Telegraph to improve the efficiency of the administration - Telephone 1st used in the Straits of Settlements c. Modern Agriculture - British introduced rubber and palm oil around 1900-1920s.

 2) Social a. Education - Introduced vernacular system of

education 3) Multi ethnic Society Opening of tin mining, sugar cane and rubber plantations by the British contributed the influx of immigrants in Malaysia such as the Chinese and the Indians