CHAPTER 7 DYNAMICS

FORCE A force is used when we push or pull an object.

A force may be described as a push or a pull.

Examples : PUSHING FORCE

Pushing a pram Hitting a shuttle-cock with a racket Cutting a loaf of bread

Examples : PULLING FORCE

Stretching a spring
Climbing a tree Lifting a pail of water

A force cannot be seen.

We can only see the effect of a force acting on an object.

Change its shape

Change its position or direction

Effects of a force
Move it

Change its speed

Stop it Increase or decrease its speed

Examples :

Change the SHAPE of an object

Change the SPEED of a moving object

Change the POSITION of an object

Change the SIZE of an object

Move a stationary object

Change the DIRECTION of a moving object

TYPES OF FORCE Magnetic force Gravitational force

Electrostatic force Frictional force

7.2 MEASUREMENT OF FORCE

The SI unit for measuring force is NEWTON (N)

One newton is about the weight of (or force exerted by) one apple of average size.

1 Newton

Sir Isaac Newton A great English scientist and Mathematician

1 kg

10 N

Or to be accurate,
1 kg
9.83 N at poles 9.78 N at equator

Force is measured using the spring balance.

A force has magnitude and direction.

So, we called it VECTOR QUANTITY. Magnitude - a term for the size or the value of a vector

FORCE Vector Quantitiy

Magnitude

Direction

7.3 APPLICATION OF FRICTIONAL FORCE

FRICTIONAL FORCE
A force which slows down moving objects is called FRICTIONAL FORCE or FRICTION.

Frictional force can also be used to start or stop a motion.

Frictional force acts when two surfaces come into contact, sliding over each other.

Friction can at times be useful but in other instances it an also be a nuisance.

Friction is a force that opposes motion. It acts in the opposite direction to movement.

Frictional Force

Pulling Force

Pulling Force

Frictional Force

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF FRICTIONAL FORCE

ADVANTAGES Friction enables us to produce a fire.

Friction prevents us from slipping.

ADVANTAGES Friction allows us to grip thing.

Friction prevents things from sliding down.

DISADVANTAGES Friction produces heat.

Friction wears things out.

DISADVANTAGES Friction slows sown motion.

Friction produces noise.

7.4 APPLICATION OF WORK

WORK is done when a force applied on an object moves it thorough a distance.

TWO conditions must be satisfied for work to be done

A FORCE is used The object which receives the force moves through a distance in the direction of force

Examples of WORK DONE :

Lifting a box from floor

Climbing a tree

Rowing a boat

Examples of NO WORK is DONE :

Pushing hard on a car but the car does not move

Sitting on a bench

Watching the television

The SI unit of work is

JOULE (J)

1000 joules = 1 kilojoule (1kJ)

1 joule of work done

when

1 newton force
moves

1 metre of distance
in the direction of the force

WORK DONE

Force (N) Work (J)

Distance moved (m)

A worker raises 40kg of cement to a height of 8m. How much work is done by the worker ? (1kg = 10N)

Ahmad uses a force of 500N to push a box from position P to position Q on the floor. If Ahmad uses 3 kilojoules of energy in doing this, calculate the distance PQ moved by the box.

POWER
Power may be define as : THE WORK DONE PER SECOND THE ENERGY USED PER SECOND

The SI unit of power is

Watt (W)
1000 watts (W) = 1 kilowatt (kW)

POWER

Power (W)

Work Done (J)

Time Taken (s)

Problem 1 John who weighs 60kg carries a load of 8kg through a distance of 12m in one minute. How much power does john use? (1kg = 10N)

Problem 2 A crane lifts a box weighing x newtons through a height of 15m in 12seconds. If the crane uses a power of 750W, what is the weight of the box?