1.

Transportation, movement of people and 
goods from one location to another

2. Transportation is vital to a nation’s economy  
 METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION

LAND TRANSPORTATION
1. THE WHEEL
2. RAILROADS
AIR TRANSPORTATION
1. AIRPLANS
2. HELICOPTORS
WATER TRANSPORTATION
1. OAR DRIVEN BOATS
2. SAILING VASSELS
   
 CAPTION OF TRANSPORTATION

THE WHEEL RAIL ROADS AIRPLANS

HELICOPTORS
  OAR DRIVEN
  BOATS 
SAILING VASSELS
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

FRIEGHT SERVICE PASSENGER SERVICE

   
 TYPES OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION

 BUSES
 PARATRANSIT
 STREETCARS
 LIGHT-RAIL TRANSIT
 HEAVY-RAIL TRANSIT
 COMMUTER RAIL TRANSIT
 AUTOMATED GUIDED TRANSIT
 FERRIES
   
NATURE OF SHIPPING TRANSPORT

 TRADE ROUTES
 COASTWISE SHIPPING
 INLAND WATERWAYS
 LINER SERVICE
 TRAMP SERVICE
 INDUSTRIAL CARRIES
 TANKER OPERATION

   
 AIRMAIL AND
PASSENGERS SERVICE

Many  early  U.S.  airmail 

routes  were  flown  in  open-
cockpit,  single-engine 
biplanes.  In  1918  the  first 
scheduled  airmail  service 
in  the  United  States  was 
started  by  the  U.S.  Post 
Office  using  surplus  World 
War I warplanes. The 1925 
Air  Mail  Act  granted 
contracts  to  private 
 
companies 
 
to  provide 
airmail service.
TERMINAL MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING

Three forms of terminal

management 

 GOVERNMENT 

 PRIVATE SECTOR 

 SPECIAL AUTHORITY 

   
 ADVANTAGES OF
WATER TRANSPORTATION

 In water travel, increasing both ship speed and reliability.

  Water transportation was the invention of the canal lock

 Triangular sail it could convert side winds into forward force.

  The stern rudder, which allowed greater control of ships 

 great advances were made that allowed ships to venture to 
sea and safely 
   
 Communication
Communication is
something so
simple………
Yet so difficult
that
We can never put
it in simple
words
   
 Communication Methods
Paper and Printing
Postal Service 
Telegraphy
Telephone
Radio
Television
Computers
   
 How communication works

Creating and receiving signal
Transmitting  the Signal
Wires and Cables
Fibre optics cables
Radio waves
Communication Satellites
   
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
INFORMATION
SOURCE TRANSMITTER RECEIVER DESTINATION

Message Signal Received

Signal Message

NOISE SOURCE

A  message  originates  at  a  source;  the  message  is  sent  by  a  transmitter 
along  a  channel  to  a  receiver;  and  then  the  message  finally  arrives  at  a 
destination. 
  Information  theory  studies   how  messages  are  transmitted  and 
received. 
 Communication Satellite

    Satellites  have  revolutionized 

communication  by  making 
worldwide telephone links 

    A  satellite  receives  a 
microwave signal from a ground 
station on the earth 

  A communication satellite is in 
geosynchronous orbit 

. The satellite stays in the 
same position relative to the 
surface of the earth 
   
EARLY METHOD OF COMMUNICATION

   
NEW METHOD OF COMMUNICATION

   
 HOW A NEWSLETTER IS
PRODUCED COMMUNICATION
 Creating Articles And Features
 Wire Service
 Graphic Artists And Photographers
 Editors
 Advertising
 Printing
 Distribution

   
 COMPUTERS IN
COMMUNICATION
 Communication  the process of sharing ideas, 
information,  and  messages  with  others  in  a 
particular  time  and  place.  Communication 
includes  writing  and  talking,  as  well  as 
nonverbal  communication  (such  as  facial 
expressions,  body  language,  or  gestures), 
visual  communication  (the  use  of  images  or 
pictures,  such  as  painting,  photography, 
video, or film)
   
 TELEPHONE WORKS
IN COMMUNICATION

 TRANSMITTER
 RECIEVER
 ALERTER
 DIAL
 BUSINESS TELEPHONES
 CELLULAR TELEPHONES

   
Internet works in Communication

 Internet Access
 Information Travels over the Internet
 Electronic Mail and Newsgroups
 Internet Applications
 Small Organization Connected with Internet
 Information Superhighway
 Network of Networks

   
Bibliography

  Encarta Encyclopedia
  Science Book of 10th  Class
  Computer Faculty

   
 SEEMA RANI
GOVT. SEC. SCHOOL,
CHAWINDA DEVI

 
AMRITSAR